Molecular Plant Breeding 2024, Vol.15, No.5, 247-258 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/mpb 250 Figure 1 The underlying principles of QTG-Seq (Adopted from Zhang et al., 2019) Image caption: QTG-seq consists of three major phases: first, QTL mapping; second, QTL partitioning, in which a numerous number of segregating BC1F2 populations (totaling over 1 000 individuals) are generated though self-crosses of various BC1F1 individuals that are heterozygous for the target QTL while being homozygous for the other QTLs; and third, QTG mining, which is characterized by high-throughput sequencing of bulked samples from the “high” and “low” pools derived from several segregating BC1F2 populations, along with a bioinformatic pipeline for efficient QTG fine-mapping. Notably, the relatively extensive high-throughput sequencing coverage in relation to the large number of individuals in the bulked samples, combined with the present of recombination blocks, facilitates precise quantification of A and a alleles frequencies based on random sampling throughout the high-throughput sequencing process. SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism (Adopted from Zhang et al., 2019) To overcome these limitations, there is a need for high-resolution mapping techniques and larger populations. Methods such as QTL-seq and BSA-Seq offer higher resolution and faster identification of QTLs by leveraging next-generation sequencing technologies (Takagi et al., 2013; Zhang and Panthee, 2020). These approaches can significantly reduce the time and cost associated with traditional QTL mapping, making them more accessible for species with large genomes. Furthermore, integrating multiple progenies and using advanced statistical methods can enhance the precision and accuracy of QTL detection, as demonstrated in peach breeding (Mora et al., 2017). 4 Genomic Selection inEucommia ulmoides 4.1 Principles of genomic selection GS is a form of marker-assisted selection that employs genetic markers covering the entire genome to ensure that all QTL are in linkage disequilibrium with at least one marker. This method leverages the large number of SNPs
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