Molecular Plant Breeding 2024, Vol.15, No.2, 70-80 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/mpb 78 also addresses regulatory and public acceptance issues associated with genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Furthermore, multiplex genome-editing technologies allow for the simultaneous modification of multiple genes, thereby facilitating the development of trees with complex trait improvements. These advancements are expected to lead to the creation of tree varieties that are more resilient to climate change, pests, and diseases, thereby contributing to sustainable forestry and agriculture. Despite the significant advancements, there are still challenges that need to be addressed to fully realize the potential of genome editing in tree breeding. These include improving the efficiency and specificity of editing tools, developing better delivery systems, and understanding the long-term effects of genome edits. Continued research is essential to overcome these challenges and to refine the technologies for broader applications. Additionally, collaboration among researchers, breeders, policymakers, and industry stakeholders is crucial to ensure the responsible development and deployment of genome-edited trees. Such collaborative efforts will help in addressing regulatory hurdles, public concerns, and ethical considerations, thereby paving the way for the widespread adoption of precision genome editing in tree breeding. By harnessing the power of precision genome editing, we can usher in a new era of tree breeding that is more efficient, precise, and sustainable. Continued innovation and collaboration will be key to unlocking the full potential of these revolutionary technologies. Acknowledgments The author extends sincere thanks to two anonymous peer reviewers for their invaluable feedback on the manuscript, whose evaluations and suggestions have contributed to the improvement of the manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Abdelrahman M., Wei Z., Rohila J., and Zhao K., 2021, Multiplex genome-editing technologies for revolutionizing plant biology and crop improvement, Frontiers in Plant Science, 12: 721203. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.721203 PMid:34691102 PMCid:PMC8526792 Bewg W., Ci D., and Tsai C., 2018, Genome editing in trees: from multiple repair pathways to long-term stability, Frontiers in Plant Science, 9: 1732. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01732 PMid:30532764 PMCid:PMC6265510 Cao H., Vu G., and Gailing O., 2022, From genome sequencing to CRISPR-based genome editing for climate-resilient forest trees, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(2): 966. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020966 PMid:35055150 PMCid:PMC8780650 Chen K., Wang Y., Zhang R., Zhang H., and Gao C., 2019, CRISPR/Cas genome editing and precision plant breeding in agriculture, Annual Review of Plant Biology, 70: 667-697. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-100049 PMid:30835493 Hahne G., Tomlinson L., and Nogué F., 2019, Precision genetic engineering tools for next-generation plant breeding, Plant Cell Reports, 38: 435-436. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-019-02400-6 PMid:30923962 Hua K., Han P., and Zhu J., 2021, Improvement of base editors and prime editors advances precision genome engineering in plants, Plant Physiology, 188(4): 1795-1810. https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiab591 PMid:34962995 PMCid:PMC8968349
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