Molecular Plant Breeding 2024, Vol.15, No.2, 52-62 http://genbreedpublisher.com/index.php/mpb 61 (TWAS) is a gene-based association method that studies the association between genetically regulated gene expression and complex diseases or traits (Pavan et al., 2020). The development of TWAS provides a powerful tool for the identification of genes related to complex traits, and it is expected that with the development of single-cell sequencing, chromosome conformation capture, gene editing technology and multiplex reporter analysis, we will have insights into genome regulation and genetic regulation of genes. A more comprehensive understanding (Li and Marylyn, 2022). In the future, with the continuous advancement of high-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics, we expect that there will be more strategies to integrate multi-omics data (such as transcriptome, proteome, etc.), thereby providing more accurate information for improving crop stress resistance traits. genetic basis. In addition, the application of precision breeding and gene editing technology will accelerate the improvement of crop traits based on the findings of GWAS, especially in the research and application of resistance traits. These developments will promote new directions and trends in the improvement of crop stress resistance traits, and ultimately achieve sustainable development of crop production and food security. Acknowledgments The author would like to appreciate two anonymous peer reviewers for their feedback on the manuscript Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Alison R.B., Chen C., and Nunzio D.A., 2022, Editorial: genome wide association studies and genomic selection for crop improvement in the era of big data, Front. Genet., 13: 873060. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.873060 PMid:35669194 PMCid:PMC9164124 Berhe M., Dossa K., You J., Mboup P.A., Diallo I.N., Diouf D., Zhang X., and Wang L., 2021, Genome-wide association study and its applications in the non-model crop Sesamum indicum, BMC Plant Biol., 21(1): 283. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-03046-x PMid:34157965 PMCid:PMC8218510 Brandes N., Linial N., and Linial M., 2020, PWAS: proteome-wide association study-linking genes and phenotypes by functional variation in proteins, Genome Biol., 21(1): 173. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-020-02089-x PMid:32665031 PMCid:PMC7386203 Elena B., and Giménez E., 2021, Modern approaches for the genetic improvement of rice, wheat and maize for abiotic constraints-related traits: a comparative overview, Agronomy, 11(2): 376. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020376 Haile J.K., Sertse D., N’Diaye A., Klymiuk V., Wiebe K., Ruan Y., Chawla H.S., Henriquez M.A., Wang L., Kutcher H.R., Steiner B., Buerstmayr H., and Pozniak C.J., 2023, Multi-locus genome-wide association studies reveal the genetic architecture of Fusariumhead blight resistance in durum wheat, Front. Plant Sci., 14: 1182548. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1182548 PMid:37900749 PMCid:PMC10601657 Joshi A., Yang S.Y., Song H.G., Min J., and Lee J.H., 2023, Genetic databases and gene editing tools for enhancing crop resistance against abiotic stress, Biology, 12(11): 1400. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12111400 PMid:37997999 PMCid:PMC10669554 Korte A., and Farlow A., 2013, The advantages and limitations of trait analysis with GWAS: a review, Plant Methods, 9: 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4811-9-29 PMid:23876160 PMCid:PMC3750305 Kushanov F.N., Turaev O.S., Ernazarova D.K., Gapparov B.M., Oripova B.B., Kudratova M.K., Rafieva F.U., Khalikov K.K., Erjigitov D.S., Khidirov M.T., Kholova M.D., Khusenov N.N., Amanboyeva R.S., Saha S., Yu J.Z., and Abdurakhmonov I.Y., 2021, Genetic diversity, QTL mapping, and marker-assisted selection technology in cotton (Gossypiumspp.), Front. Plant Sci., 12: 779386.
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