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Molecular Entomology
2014, Vol.5, No.2, 10-17
http://me.sophiapublisher.com
Research Report
Open Access
Entomotoxic Effect of Cheese Wood,
Alstonia boonei
De Wild against Cowpea
Bruchid,
Callosobruchus maculatus
(Fab.) [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae], Attacking
Cowpea Seeds in Storage
Ileke K.D.
1
, Odeyemi O.O.
2
, Ashamo M.O.
2
1 Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries, Faculty of Science, Adekunle Ajasin University, PMB 001, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
2 Food Storage Technology Programme, Department of Biology, School of Science, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
Corresponding Author email:
kayodeileke@yahoo.com;
Author
Molecular Entomology, 2014, Vol.5, No.2 doi: 10.5376/me.2014.05.0002
Copyright
© 2013 Ileke et al., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use,
distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Studies on the protectability of extracts of Cheese wood,
Alstonia boonei
against cowpea bruchid,
Callosobruchus
maculatus
(Fab.) [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae], attacking cowpea seeds were carried out in the laboratory at ambient temperature of
28±2
℃
and relative humidity of (75±5)%. Cowpea seeds were tested against 2~3 days old adult
C. maculatus
. The results
obtained showed that the stem bark extract was most toxic to
C. maculatus
. The least toxic extracts on the insect was that of
A.
boonei
root. The stem bark extracts drastically reduced oviposition and adult emergence in
C. maculatus
. The cowpea seeds treated
with root extract had the lowest % reduction in progeny development, while the highest % reduction in progeny development was
obtained in seeds treated with stem bark extract. Stem bark extract completely prevented infestation and damage of the treated
cowpea seeds for a period of two months as there was neither weight loss nor damage in the treated seeds. In the seeds treated with
the leaf and root extracts, damage of 4.29% and 7.11% were recorded, respectively after two months of post-treatment. The efficacy
of the plant could be arranged in this order of effectiveness thus; stem bark extract>leaf extract>root extract. Extract of
A. boonei
stem bark is effective in controlling cowpea bruchid,
C. maculatus
and could serve as an alternative to synthetic insecticides for the
protection of stored cowpeas against bruchids.
Keywords
Cowpea bruchid; Post-treatment; Plant extracts; Kneading extraction; Synthetic insecticides
Introduction
The major problem facing seeds storage in Nigeria
and other African countries are insect pests, leading to
loss in weight and reduction in seeds quality
(Akinkurolere et al
.,
2006; Adedire et al., 2011,
Akinneye and Ogungbite, 2013; Ashamo et al., 2013;
Ojo and Ogunleye 2013a; b). Crop protection
therefore plays a vital and integral role in modern
agricultural production. The ever-lasting demands on
yield and the intensification of farming practices have
increased the problem of pest damage, and hence
control (Martin et al., 2012).
The most common means in insect pest control are the
use of synthetic insecticides whose effects on the
environment can cause water, soil, and atmospheric
genetic perturbations related to cancer amongst users
of these pesticides. Public awareness of these adverse
effects of chemical insecticides especially on the
environment has lead researchers to find new avenue
of insect control in order to replace these dangerous
synthetic chemical insecticides (Sutherland et al.,
2002; Zibaee, 2011). So researches has been
concentrated on the plant kingdom for solutions
leading to the production of a myriad of secondary
compounds that can have toxic, growth reducing and
antifeedant properties against insects (Zibaee, 2011).
In spite of the effectiveness of many botanical
insecticides, their insecticidal activity is yet to be
comparable to many synthetic chemical insecticides
and the once that are believed to be comparable with
Preferred citation for this article:
Ileke et al., 2014, Entomotoxic Effect of Cheese Wood,
Alstonia boonei
De Wild against Cowpea Bruchid,
Callosobruchus maculatus
(Fab.) [Coleoptera:
Chrysomelidae], Attacking Cowpea Seeds in Storage, Molecular Entomology, Vol.5, No.2 10-17 (doi: 10.5376/me.2014.05.0002)
Received: 22 Jan., 2014
|
Accepted: 12 Feb., 2014
|
Published: 27 Feb., 2014
Molecular Entomology