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Larvicidal and Pupicidal Activities of
P. glandulosus
and
C. rigidus
Leaf Essential Oils against Three Mosquito Species
7
Table 1 Larvicidal activity of
P. glandulosus
essential oil against 4
th
instar larvae of
Ae. aegypti
,
An
.
gambiae
and
Cx
.
quinquefasciattus
24 h post exposure
Targeted mosquito species
Conc.(ppm)
MM±SD (%)
LC
50
(LCL
-
UCL) (ppm)
LC
90
(LCL
-
UCL) (ppm)
χ
2
12.5
94.67±6.11
a
2.66
8.71
0.23
25
100.00±0.00
a
(
-
)
(
-
)
50
100.00±0.00
a
100
100.00±0.00
a
150
100.00±0.00
a
Aedes aegypti
F value
2.28ns
12.5
76.00±6.92
a
7.37
25.55
2.91
25
81.33±6.11
a
(1.17
-
11.98)
(17.65
-
51.43)
50
100.00±0.00
b
100
100.00±0.00
b
150
100.00±0.00
b
Anopheles gambiae
F value
24.62***
12.5
0.00±0.00
a
43.16
67.00
0.31
25
6.67±2.31
b
(37.07
-
50.34)
(56.27
-
92.40)
50
64.00±6.93
c
100
100.00±0.00
d
150
100.00±0.00
d
Culex quinquefasciatus
F value
667.15***
Note: MM±SD (%): Mean of mortality ± standard deviation (%); MM±SD within a column followed by the same letter do not differ
significantly at P= 0.05 (Duncan’s test); ***: p<0.001; LC
50
and LC
90
: Lethal Concentrations able to kill 50% and 90% of larvae,
respectively; ppm: parts per million; LCL: Lower Confidence Limit; UCL: Upper Confidence Limit; (
-
): no Confidence Limit
estimated; ns: not significant; χ2: Chi
-
squared; Number of replicates: 4
Table 2 Larvicidal activity of
C. rigidus
essential oil against 4
th
instar larvae of
Ae. aegypti
,
An. gambiae
and
Cx. quinquefasciatus
24 h
post exposure
Targeted Mosquito species
Conc.(ppm)
MM±SD (%)
LC
50
(LCL
-
UCL) (ppm)
LC
90
(LCL
-
UCL) (ppm)
χ
2
50
32.00±6.92
a
66.67
124.39
2.14
100
70.67±4.61
b
(53.38
-
78.48)
(104.29
-
163.63)
150
97.33±4.61
c
200
100.00±0.00
c
250
100.00±0.00
c
Aedes aegypti
F value
144.41***
50
14.67±1.15
a
99.61
179.42
5.46
100
46.67±4.61
b
(59.50
-
136.06)
(132.08
-
435.97)
150
69.33±6.11
c
200
100.00±0.00
d
250
100.00±0.00
d
Anopheles gambiae
F value
333.24***
50
0.00±0.00
a
176.81
227.57
9.77
100
3.67±0.57
a
(42.29
-
327.94)
(185.29
-
3099.46)
150
13.33±2.30
b
200
69.33±6.11
c
250
100.00±0.00
d
Culex quinquefasciatus
F value
702.41***
Note: MM±SD (%): Mean of mortality ± standard deviation (%); MM±SD within a column followed by the same letter do not differ
significantly at P= 0.05 (Duncan’s test); ***: p<0.001; LC
50
and LC
90
: Lethal Concentrations able to kill 50% and 90% of larvae, respectively;
ppm: parts per million; LCL: Lower Confidence Limit; UCL: Upper Confidence Limit; χ2: Chi-squared; Number of replicates: 4