International Journal of Aquaculture, 2013, Vol.3, No.11, 49
-
54
49
Research Report Open Access
Ganado-hepato-somatic Index of
Oreochromis niloticus
Sub Adults Exposed to
Some Herbicides
Fidelis Bekeh Ada , Ezekiel Olatunji Ayotunde
Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Cross River University of Technology, Obubra Campus, Nigeria
Corresponding author email:
;
Authors
International Journal of Aquaculture, 2013, Vol.3, No.11 doi: 10.5376/ija.2013.03.0011
Received: 23 Apr., 2013
Accepted: 28 Apr., 2013
Published: 7 May, 2013
Copyright © 2013
Ada. This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use,
distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article
:
Ada, 2013, Ganado-hepato-somatic index of
Oreochromis niloticus
sub adults exposed to some herbicides, International Journal of Aquaculture, Vol.3, No.11
49-54 (
doi: 10.5376/ija.2013.03.0011)
Abstract
Due to importance of
Oreochromis niloticus
in Aquaculture in Nigeria and the importance of the liver and the gonads in
fish, the gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indexes were measured after exposing the fish to different concentrations of Gramoxone,
Glyphosate, Butachlor and Atrazine for fourteen days. These herbicides were observed to produce atrophy in the two organs, liver
and gonads. The herbicides are therefore likely going to hinder fish production in the area due to their influence in these important
fish organs.
Keywords
Gonadosomatic index; Hepatosomatic index;
Oreochromis
;
Herbicides
Introduction
The liver and gonads play very important roles in the
lives of organisms. The liver is the centre of metabolism
while the gonads are important in production of sex
cells necessary for the continuity of any species.
Their importance has attracted several investigations
carried out on them as well as on the blood, skin and
kidney exposed to xenobiotics. These include the
works of Ayotunde (2006); and Ada et al. (2011).
Abnormalities in gonads were investigated in
natural habitat of whitefish by Bernet et al. (2004) in
Lake Thun. Some abnormalities recorded include
adhesions/fusions to the peritoneal wall and the lateral
trunk musculature, asymmetry, atrophy, compartmentations,
constrictions and hermaphroditism. Stentiford et al. (2003)
investigated the histopathological alterations in selected
organs and tissues of three species of estuarine fish
(
Platichthys flesus, Pomatoschistus minutus and
Zoarces viviparus
),
captured from four British
estuaries (the Tyne, Tees, Mersey and Alde) differently
impacted by contaminants. Sampson et al. (2000)
opined that flatfish (
Pleuronectes platessa
)
are in
close contact with sediments and are thus exposed to
xenobiotics stored in the sediments and were observed
to alter the histology of their liver, kidney and gonads
in Mersey Estuary. Some other investigations on
xenobiotics on the general health of fish were carried
out by Visoottiviseth et al. (1999), Babatunde et al. (2001);
Agbon et al. (2002); Kori-Siakpere et al. (2007);
Ayotunde et al. (2010a, b) and Ada et al. (2012a, 2012b).
Kamanga et al. (2002) stated that under natural
conditions, reproduction is influenced by environmental
conditions. Ghanbahadur and Ghanbahadur (2012)
stressed that the scientific management to obtain high
yield of fish calls for adequate and in-depth study of
gonadosomatic index which expresses the relative
change in gonad weight to the percentage of body
weight. According to these workers, this parameter is
important in knowing the spawning periods of fish.
The importance of liver and gonads cannot therefore be
over emphasized.
Oreochromis
niloticus
being the most
culture fish species in Nigeria was investigated for the
effects of some xenobiotics on the liver and gonads.
1
Results
The hepatosomatic index of
Oreochromis niloticus
juveniles showed inverse relationship with Gramoxone
concentration. The hepatosomatic index of control