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Intl. J. of Molecular Zoology, 2012, Vol.2, No.2, 13
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The Barnoof,
Conyza dioscorides
leaves were drying
at room temperature for 2~3 weeks, and then
pulverized into a fine powder with an electric mill.
The powdered plant material extracted successively
with petroleum ether or acetone solvent, as described
by Freedman et al (1979). The extracts obtained were
weighted and re-dissolved in the both solvents to
obtain 10% stock solutions (w/v), which were stored
under refrigeration until needed. 0%, 1.5% and 3% of
the
Conyza dioscorides
plant extract with the both
solvents, were selected to treat the newly moulted
fourth-instars larvae of F
1
progeny. The castor leaves
were sprayed with different dilutions of plant extracts,
and then the leaves were left until dry. The irradiated
and non-irradiated larvae were fed on the treated
leaves for 24 hours.
For consumption and utilization of food studies, three
experimental groups were set up. The first group
consists of the progeny of F
1
larvae irradiated as
parental full-grown male pupae with 100 Gy and 150
Gy. The second one consists of the progeny of F
1
larvae irradiated as parental male pupae with the same
each previous dose and treated as fourth instar with
each of the two concentration of the plant extract for
each solvent. The third group consists of larvae treated
with plant extract only with each two concentration
and solvents. A parallel group of untreated insects
used as control. Twenty Larvae were put in glass jar
for each treatment. Each experimental group was
replicated three times. Food consumption and utilization
were estimated during the fifth and sixth instars larvae
for six days.
Food utilized by larvae calculated according to the
equation denoted by Waldbauer
(1968). Consumption
Index (C.I.), Growth Rate (G.R.), Approximate
Digestibility (A.D.), Efficiency of Conversion of
Ingested food (E.C.I.) and Efficiency of Conversion of
Digested food (E.C.D.) were calculated as follows:
C.I.=F/TA G.R.=G/TA
Where F=weight of food eaten
G=weight gain of insect during feeding period
T=duration of feeding period
A=initial weight of insect+Final weight of insect/2
A.D.=(weight of food ingested-weight of faces)/weight
of food ingested*100
E.C.I.=weight gained/weight of food ingested*100
E.C.D=weight gained/(weight of food ingested-weight
of faces)*100
The combined effect of gamma irradiation and/or plant
extract on developmental, survival and assimilation
indices of larvae of F
1
progeny were calculated as
follows:
1. % Developmental/day=100/average larval duration
(days) (Power and Oatman, 1984)
2. Growth index=% survival/average larval duration
(days) (Moonis, 1979)
.
3. Survival index=% survival/Maximum % survival in
all treatments (Moonis, 1979)
4. Assimilation index=% development/day
×
Live weight
(grams) (El–Sherif et al., 1996; El–Sherif, 1998)
The rate of change in both metabolic and developmental
parameters of treated insects was calculated as
percentage from the control (I/C).
Data were analyzed using the Analysis of Variance
(ANOVA) technique and the means were separated
using Duncanיs multiple range test (P> 0.05) (Steel
and Torrie, 1980).
References
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(Hufn.)
I-Treatment of the eight days-old larvae, Seventh Arab Conference on
the peaceful Applications of Atomic Energy, 4-8 Dec., Sanna, Yemen