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International Journal of Marine Science 2015, Vol.5, No.5: 1-8
http://ijms.biopublisher.ca
1
Research Article Open Access
Phenotypic Plasticity and Genetic Variation of Two Wild Populations of Green
tiger Shrimp (
Penaeus semisulcatus
- De Haan, 1844)
Munasinghe D.H.N. , Senevirathna J.D.M.
Department of Zoology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka
Corresponding author email:
dhnm@zoo.ruh.ac.lk; donamunasinghe@gmail.com
International Journal of Marine Science, 2015, Vol.5, No.5 doi: 10.5376/ijms.2015.05.0005
Received: 02 Nov., 2014
Accepted: 16 Dec., 2014
Published: 20 Jan., 2015
Copyright
©
2015 Munasinghe and Senevirathna, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article:
Munasinghe and Senevirathna, 2015, Phenotypic Plasticity and Genetic Variation of Two Wild Populations of Green tiger Shrimp (
Penaeus semisulcatus
- De
Haan, 1844), International Journal of Marine Science, Vol.5, No.5: 1-8 (doi: 10.5376/ijms.2015.05.0005)
Abstract
Utility of wild-caught brood stocks in shrimp farming industry is still practiced in many countries. Therefore,
identification of genetic variability of geographically distributed commercially important species provide useful information that
could be utilized in aquaculture programs. This study investigated the morphological and genetic variation between two wild
populations of
P. semisulcatus
from Northern and Southern parts in Sri Lanka. Each population was consisted with 70 individuals
and forty two measurements were taken according to the truss network system for morphometric study. Discriminant function
analysis identified four parameters as significant contributors to discriminate two populations and they were associated with the
abdominal region of
P. semisulcatus
. Altogether 3280 nucleotides were analyzed representing four mitochondrial and two nuclear
gene regions (both coding and non-coding). Results indicated low genetic variation between two populations. Mitochondrial control
gene region produced seven haplotypes which were common between two populations (nucleotide divergence ranged from 0.8% to
5.2%). Among three haplotypes resulted from Cytochrome Oxidase I gene region (COI), one haplotype was common between two
populations (nucleotide divergence ranged from 0.1% to 0.3%). Other two mitochondrial gene regions (16S rRNA & 12S rRNA) and
two Nuclear (18S RNA & H3) gene regions produced single shared haplotype for each region. In conclusion, results suggest the
phenotypic fixation to environmental conditions indicating phenotypic plasticity in
P. semisulcatus
populations in northern and
southern parts of the island.
Keywords
Morphometry; Mitochondrial DNA; Nuclear DNA; Discriminant analyses; Environment
1 Introduction
The green tiger shrimp,
Penaeus semisulcatus
shows
natural distribution in Indo-West Pacific and the
Mediterranean regions (Holthuis, 1980). It is one of
the most important marine crustacean species subjected
to intense fishery exploitation and aquaculture
practices worldwide (Hulata, 2001).
This species has
been identified as a candidate for mass-breeding
programs in some countries (Seidman and Issar, 1988;
Türkmen, 2007). In Sri Lanka, green tiger shrimp
fishery is mainly depend on the wild stock from all
around the island. It is necessary to discriminate the
unit stocks to arrive at meaningful estimates of stock
bio-mass for stock assessment management. Farming
of this species has not been attempted yet, but it has
potential for commercial culture in Sri Lanka. The
traits of the candidate should have favorable growth
characteristics for seed production under farming.
Environmental factors including geomorphology of
the habitats play a major role in structuring
populations in the wild. Also there are mechanisms
that can lead to partial isolation and structuring of fish
populations even in the marine environment
(Hellberg, 2002). As
P. semisulcatus
is distributed all
along the island, it is necessary to delineate the natural
stocks for selection of suitable trait for farming. The
study of morphometric characters and the genetic
divergence pattern of wild stocks provide useful
information for selection of suitable stock for farming
programs.
Morphometric characters have been successfully used
for taxonomic inferences. Truss network system is
more reliable in collection of data in morphometric
studies. Truss network measurements are a series of
measurements calculated between landmarks that
form a regular pattern of connected quadrilaterals or
cells across the body form (Bagherian and Rahmani,
2009). Morphometry based on truss network data has
been used in past studies for stock identification
(Bronte and Moore, 2007; Shao et al., 2007;
Bagherian and Rahmani, 2009), species discrimination