Journal of Mosquito Research 2015, Vol.5, No.19, 1-7
1
Research Article Open Access
Mosquito larvicidal potential of ethanol leaf extract of the plant,
Annona
reticulata
L.
against Aedes aegypti
L. and
Culex quinquefasciatus
Say (Diptera:
Culicidae)
Mallick S.
1, 2
, Banerjee R.
3
, Chandra G.
1,
1. Department of Zoology, Mosquito, Microbiology and Nanotechnology Research Units, Parasitology Laboratory, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India,
713104.
2. Department of Zoology, Maharajadhiraj Uday Chand Women’s College, Burdwan, West Bengal, India, 713104.
3. Department of Science and Technology. Technology Bhavan, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi, Delhi, India, 110019.
Corresponding author email
Journal of Mosquito Research, 2015, Vol.5, No.19 doi: 10.5376/jmr.2015.05.0019
Received: 30 Apr., 2015
Accepted: 02 Jun., 2015
Published: 22 Sep., 2015
Copyright
©
2015 Mallick et al., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article:
Mallick S., Banerjee R, and Chandra G., 2015, Mosquito larvicidal potential of ethanol leaf extract of the plant,
Annona reticulata
L. against
Aedes aegypti
L.
and
Culex quinquefasciatus
Say (Diptera: Culicidae), Journal of Mosquito Research, Vol.5, No.19 1
-
7 (doi
Abstract
The larvicidal potential of ethanol leaf extract of
Annona reticulata
L. (A
. reticulata
), (Annonaceae) was evaluated against
1st - 4th instars larvae of
Aedes aegypti
L. (
Ae. aegypti
) and
Culex quinquefasciatus
Say (
Cx. quinquefasciatus
) mosquitoes at 24, 48
and 72 h exposure. The extract was found more effective against
Cx. quinquefasciatus
than
Ae.
aegypti
larvae and its LC
50
and LC
90
values gradually decreased with increased period of exposure. LC
50
values of the extract recorded after 24 h of exposure were 0.5021,
2.9374, 4.2048, 6.2245 ppm respectively against 1st- 4th larvae of
Cx. quinquefasciatus
and 6.8839, 5.9929, 14.5745, 19.8836 ppm
against
Ae. aegypti
larvae. No mortality and any abnormal behavior up to 72 h post exposure were observed in aquatic non target
organisms
viz
.,
Chironomus circumdatus
larvae,
Diplonychus annulatum
and tadpoles of frog when exposed to 24 h LC
50
dose of
the extract against 3
rd
instar larvae of
Cx. quinquefasciatus
. In conclusion, the ethanol leaf extract of A.
reticulata
exhibited excellent
larvicidal activity against
Cx.
quinquefasciatus
and
Ae. aegypti
mosquitoes.
Keywords
Aedes aegypti
.,
Annona reticulata
.,
Culex quinquefasciatus.
,
larvicidal
activity
1 Introduction
Various diseases of human beings like malaria, filariasis,
Japanese encephalitis, dengue/dengue haemorrhagic fever,
etc are transmitted by mosquito species causing heavy
morbidity and millions of death every year (Hotez et al.,
2004; Rahuman et al., 2008). Biting of mosquitoes
causes skin irritation and allergic reactions (Cheng et
al
.
, 2003).
Ae. aegypti
mosquito is associated with
the
transmission of dengue/dengue haemorrhagic fever,
chikungunya and yellow fever. Dengue virus belongs
to genus Flavivirus (family- flaviviridae) with four
serotypes,
viz
., DEN 1, DEN 2, DEN 3 and DEN 4, and
causes flu like illness, dengue fever to dengue
haemorrhagic fever, a full-fledged illness, and then
transforms into dengue shock syndrome, and ultimately
death (Henchal and Putnak, 1990). Globally two fifth
of human population is presently under the threat of
dengue (Kovendan and Murugan, 2011).
Cx. quinque-
fasciatus
mosquito is responsible for transmission of
lymphatic filariasis, and at least 120 million people are
infected in several countries of the tropics and
subtropics. In addition to the morbidity and mortality,
great economic loss and social disruption occur in
developing countries due to these mosquito borne
diseases (Hotez et al., 2004). Currently use of synthetic
insecticides is the major tool used in controlling
mosquitoes. However, use of many synthetic insecticides
has been restricted because it creates problems such as
food chain biomagnifications, high price, emergence of
resistance in mosquitoes to chemical insecticides, bad
effects on human health, and other beneficial organisms of
the environment, non-biodegradibility etc., thus,
hampering sustainable development of environment
(Brown, 1986; Russell et al., 2009). The best alternative
sources of synthetic insecticides are the botanical
insecticides as they are easily degradable and renewable
(Roel, 2001). The potentiality of botanical insecticides
as mosquito larvicide has been reviewed by Ghosh et
al., (2012). The present study was undertaken to
evaluate mosquito larvicidal potential of ethanol leaf
extract of
A. reticulata
.
A reticulata
is an evergreen
plant, cultivated widely in India for its sweet fruits. In
