Journal of Mosquito Research 2015, Vol.5, No.12, 1-7
1
Research Article Open Access
Adulticidal bioassay and repellency potentiality of fruits of
Drypetes roxburghii
on
Culex quinquefasciatus
and
Anopheles stephensi
Mallick Haldar K., Chandra G.
Mosquito, Microbiology and Nanotechnology Research Units, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India.
Corresponding author email
Journal of Mosquito Research, 2015, Vol.5, No.12 doi: 10.5376/jmr.2015.05.0012
Received: 04 Jul., 2015
Accepted: 29 Jul., 2015
Published: 10 Aug., 2015
Copyright
©
2015 Mallick Haldar K. and Chandra G., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article:
Mallick Haldar K. and Chandra G., 2015, Adulticidal bioassay and repellency potentiality of fruits of
Drypetes roxburghii
on
Culex quinquefasciatus
and
Anopheles stephensi
, Journal of Mosquito Research, Vol.5, No.12 1
-
7
(doi
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate adulticidal efficacy and repellency potentiality of crude and ethyl acetate
extracts of mature fruits of
Drypetes roxburghii
(Wall.) Hurus., against the adult
Culex quinquefasciatus
Say and
Anopheles stephensi
Liston following appropriate protocols. In both the species of mosquitoes, mortality rate increased gradually with increased
concentrations of ethyl acetate extract. LC
50
and LC
90
values of ethyl acetate extract were 109.62 ppm and 189.01 ppm for
Cx.
quinquefasciatus
and 95.41 ppm, 181.96 ppm for
An. stephensi
respectively in adulticidal bioassay.
An. stephensi
was more
susceptible to ethyl acetate extract than
Cx. quinquefasciatus
. Both crude and ethyl acetate extracts showed significant repellency
potentiality.
99 % concentration of
ethyl acetate extract
conferred 100 % protection
against biting activity of
both
the
species of
mosquitoes
up to 120 minutes.
Keywords
Culex quinquefasciatus
;
Anopheles stephensi
;
Drypetes roxburghii
; Ethyl acetate extract; Adulticide; Repellent
1 Introduction
Mosquito borne diseases are transmitted to human
beings through mosquito bite as usual mode. Since
there is no effective vaccine available for the control
of these diseases, control of mosquito population and
use of insect repellents to keep away mosquitoes from
landing in order to take successful blood meal can
provide a practical and economical means of preventing
mosquito-borne diseases.
Synthetic pesticides viz. malathion, DDT, deltamethrin
etc and bio-pesticides like
Bacillus thuringiensis
(Tabashnik et. al., 1994; Yang et. al., 2005) possess high
environmental threats and charge huge operational
cost. Besides, mosquitoes are developing fast adaptive
resistances against these persisting synthetic chemicals.
Insecticides of botanical origins are expected to be
target specific in comparison to synthetic chemicals.
They are also biodegradable, thus minimize the
concern of biomagnifications of the harmful chemicals in
the environment. Side effects on human and other
non-target animals may also be reduced if green
formulations in suitable form can be discovered and
popularize (Jeyabalan et al., 2003; Prabhakar et al.,
2004). Hence, control of adult mosquitoes with the
use of plant derived agents has been highlighted for
their instant effect at the time of need.
Insect repellents are not only important for permanent
residents of disease prone areas, especially in tropical
countries, but also for travelers who are vulnerable to
the diseases spread by mosquito vectors. Various
plants have long been familiar for their established
insect repellent properties (Sukumar, 1991; Seyoum,
2002; Singha
et al., 2011; Adhikari
et al., 2012;
Rawani et al., 2012) but a few among them have been
studied more extensively during the past decades.
The common mosquito repellents available in Indian
markets contain DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide)
as one of the chemical constituent which have shown
excellent protection from mosquito bites (Thavara et
al., 2001) and other biting insects (Coleman et al.,
1993). Besides, there are reports of several toxicity
problems on application of DEET ranged from mild
effects, such as contact urticaria (Maibach and Johnson,
1975) and skin eruption (Reuveni and Yagupsky,
1982), to severe reactions, such as toxic encephalopathy
(Edwards and Johnson, 1987). Many research groups
are engaged to find and develop repellents of botanical
