Journal of Mosquito Research 2015, Vol.5, No.10, 1-7
1
Research Article Open Access
Larvicidal Potentiality of Root Extracts of
Annona reticulata
Linn. Against the
Filarial Vector
Culex quinquefasciatus
Say (Diptera: Culicidae)
Subrata Mallick
1, 2
, Goutam Chandra
1,
1. Department of Zoology, Mosquito, Microbiology and Nanotechnology Research Units, Parasitology Laboratory, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal,
713104, India
2. Department of Zoology, Maharajadhiraj Uday Chand Womens' College, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
Corresponding author email
Journal of Mosquito Research, 2015, Vol.5, No.10 doi: 10.5376/jmr.2015.05.0010
Received: 27 May, 2015
Accepted: 28 Jun., 2015
Published: 23 Jul., 2015
Copyright
©
2015 Subrata Mallick. and Goutam Chandra., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article:
Subrata Mallick. and Goutam Chandra., 2015, Larvicidal Potentiality of Root Extracts of
Annona reticulata
Linn. Against the Filarial Vector
Culex
quinquefasciatus
Say (Diptera: Culicidae), Journal of Mosquito Research, Vol.5, No.10 1
-
7 (doi
Abstract
Present study was undertaken to evaluate the mosquito larvicidal potentiality of root extracts of
Annona reticulata
Linn.
(
A. reticulata
), family Annonaceae against filarial vector
Culex quinquefasciatus
Say, 1823 (
Cx. quinquefasciatus
). Petroleum ether,
hexane, and ethyl acetate root extracts of the plant were examined to established their larvicidal potentiality against 3
rd
instar larvae
of
Cx. quinquefasciatus
mosquito species. Crude and only ethyl acetate root extracts of the plant at different concentrations were
examined on 1
st
- 4
th
instars larvae of
Cx. quinquefasciatus
. LC
50
value of ethyl acetate extract after 24 h of exposure against 3
rd
instar
larvae of
Cx. quinquefasciatus
were also examined on some non target organisms. Phytochemical analyses of the root extracts of
A,
reticulata
were also investigated. 100% mortality were noticed at very low concentrations of petroleum ether, hexane, and ethyl
acetate root extracts of
A. reticulata
against 3
rd
instar larvae of
Cx. quinquefasciatus.
LC
50
and LC
90
values of ethyl acetate root
extract was lower than petroleum ether and hexane root extracts after 24, 48, and 72 h of exposure. Crude and ethyl acetate root
extracts showed excellent larvicidal activity against
Cx.
quinquefasciatus
mosquito species. 100% mortality was observed at very low
concentration for crude and ethyl acetate root extracts. LC
50
and LC
50
values gradually decreased with time of exposure for crude and
ethyl acetate root extracts of
A. reticulata
. No mortality and sluggishness were observed in control experiments as well as on
examined non target organisms. Phytochemical analyses of root extracts of the plant revealed the presence of different secondary
metabolites. So crude and ethyl acetate root extracts of
A. reticulata
can effectively be used for larval mortality against
Cx.
quinquefasciatus
mosquito species at a very low concentration.
Keywords
Annona reticulata
;
Culex quinquefasciatus
; Root extract; Larvicide
Introduction
Pathogens of many dreadfull diseases like filariasis,
Japanese encephalities, malaria, dengue, dengu
haemorrhagic fever, yellow fever, etc are transmitted
by several mosquito species belonging to genus
Culex,
Anopheles
, and
Aedes
and million of death occur
every year (Rahuman et al., 2008; ICMR Bulletin,
2003).
Culex quinquefasciatus
Say, 1823 is the principal
vector of lymphatic filariasis in many tropical countries.
120 million people are infected worldwide with
lymphatic filariasis and common chronic menifestations
were observed among 44 million people (Bernhard et
al., 2003). To control mosquito borne diseases, one of
the best approach within many is to kill mosquito
larvae at its larval habitats (Kumar and Maneemegalai,
2008). Application of synthetic insecticides to control
pests and vectors causing diseases of human beings have
environmental impact and toxicity (Maragathavalli et
al., 2012). To avoid these problems, use of
insecticides of plant origin
are needed to control pests
and vectors as plant based insecticides are easily
degradable in the environment and their sources are
renewable (Ilahi et al., 2012). Many researchers
worked with extracts of different solvents of several
plants to identify their larvicidal activity against
different species of mosquitoes (Mallick et al., 2014;
Singha et al., 2012; Hossain et al., 2011; Chakraborty
et al., 2013; Chowdhury et al., 2008)
. Methanol and
butanol leaf extracts of
Annona reticulata
Linn.
showed antibacterial activity against both gram
negative and gram positive bacterial strains (Jansi
Rani et al., 2013). Larvicidal activity of methanol leaf
extract of
A. reticulata
against
Cx. quinquefasciatus
has been reported (Nayak, 2014). Larvicidal efficacy
of acetone leaf extracts of
A. reticulata
against
Aedes
aegypti
,
Anopheles
stephensi
and
Cx. quinquefasciatus
