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International Journal of Molecular Veterinary Research
2013, Vol.3, No.6, 23
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depresses the diaphragm response to muscle and nerve
stimulation under
in vitro
condition. It causes
spontaneous fasciculation, increases gastric smooth
muscle tone and the amplitude of contraction of atrial
muscle and reduces the cardiac vagal threshold (Sams,
1967). Dimethyl sulfoxide has cardiovascular and
vasoactive effects and these are attributed, atleast in
part, to its anticholinesterase activity (Shlafer and
Karow, 1975; Hameroff et al., 1983).
3.5 Therapeutic applications of DMSO
The FDA-approved preparation of DMSO,
DOMOSO
®
is recommended for acute sprains, strains,
bursitis and their associated soft tissue swellings and
haematoma. It relieves pain and swelling and
improves the function of the affected part more
rapidly than the conventional therapies (Knowles,
1967; Levesque, 1967; Tiegland and Saurino, 1967).
Postoperative swelling due to surgical trauma, pain
and swelling are reduced and healing is improved
(Arno et al., 1967; Kleberger, 1967; Penrod et al.,
1967; Riis, 1984).
SYNOTIC
®
(Diamond Laboratories, Desmoines, Iowa)
is recommended for the relief of inflammation and
pruritis associated with acute and chronic otitis.
RIMSO-50
®
is recommended for the direct instillation
into the urinary bladder in the treatment of refractory
interstitial cystitis in human patients (A. M. A.
Department of drugs, 1980; Santos et al., 2003;
Fourcroy et al., 2004). It can also improve healing by
topical application of DMSO to treat oral ulcers
(Kutscher et al., 1967), diabetogenic skin ulcers
(Miranda-Tirado,
1975),
varicose skin ulcers
(Sehtman, 1975), chronic skin ulcers (Scott and
Walton, 1983), burns (Miranda-Tirado, 1975; and
Sehtman, 1975), open wounds (Levesque, 1967;
Dubinsky and Skager, 1975), skin grafts (Sehtman,
1975) and corneal ulcers (Perez et al., 1979).
Chronic musculoskeletal conditions such as chronic
osteoarthritis and degenarative disc disease in humans
(Demos et al., 1967; John and Laudahn, 1967; Paul,
1967; Steinberg, 1967) and scarred or bowed tendon
in horses (Tiegland and Saurino, 1967) have been
treated with DMSO in clinical trials. Topical
application of DMSO gel was evaluated in treating
endotoxin induced synovitis in horses (Smith et al.,
1998). Intraarticular administration of DMSO reduced
severity of chemically induced synovitis in horses
(Welch et al., 1991).
Proud flesh is reduced when DMSO is applied to
wounds below the equine tarsus or carpus that heal by
secondary or tertiary intention (Levesque, 1967).
DMSO reduces fibroplasia as a result of its inhibition
of fibroblastic proliferation
in vitro
(Alsup and De
Bowes, 1984). It would be a valuable adjunct in the
treatment of surgical colic cases (Davis, 1984). It
decreases the severity of liver damage caused by
ischemia-reperfusion after portal vein clamping (Sahin
et al., 2004). Its combination with carolina rinse
solution would be protective against
ischemia-reperfusion injury in the equine jejunum
(Dabareiner, 2005).
Combination therapy of DMSO with antibiotics or
steroids enhance the healing of cutaneous
habronemiasis or summer sores (McMullan, 1982;
Faddock and Mullowney, 1983; and Moore et al.,
1983), bumble foot (Halliwell, 1975), acral lick
dermatitis (Scott and Walton, 1983), arthritis and
mastitis (Figueiredo et al., 1993). Antifungal and
steroids along with DMSO are used for treating
scratches (McMullan, 1982) and phytomycosis
(McMullan, 1983). Topical application of DMSO,
phenylbutazone and acetyl salicylic acid ointment is
used for the treatment of udder edema (Szalbierz et al.,
1996). Topical antiviral agents along with DMSO are
used for the treatment of Herpes simplex virus
infection (Hamuy and Berman, 1998). Synovial fluid
along with DMSO has been tried for treating
aseptic arthritis in experimental calves (Tayal et al.,
1998 and 2000). The deleterious effect of nicotine
was effectively blocked by DMSO in experimental
rats (Leite, 2007). Diagnosis of Dermatophytosis
of the ear was done by potassium hydroxide and
Dimethyl sulfoxide test (Morinaka, 2005).
Acute CNS trauma, inflammation, edema and
ischemia have been treated with intravenous DMSO in
laboratory (De la Torre et al., 1975; Brown et al., 1980;
Rucker et al., 1983) and clinical cases (Lee, 1983;
Reed, 1983; Waller et al., 1983; Newton, 1998; Santos