Molecular Soil Biology 2015, Vol.6, No.4, 1-12
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Table1 List of rhizobial species nodulating legumes
Class: Alphaproteobacteria; Order: Rhizobiales
Genus:
Rhizobium
R. leguminosarum
,
R. galegae
,
R. Tropici, R. endophyticum
,
R. Phaseoli, R. fabae
,
R. etli
,
R. undicola
,
R. gallicum
,
R. giardinii
,
R.
hainanensis
,
R. Huautlense, R. Mongolense, R. yanglingense
,
R. larrymoorei
,
R. indigoferae
,
R. sullae
,
R. loessense
,
R.
cellulosilyticum
,
R.miluonense
,
R. multihospitium
,
R. oryzae
,
R. pisi
,
R. mesosinicum
,
R. alamii
,
R. alkalisoli
,
R. tibeticum
,
R.
tubonense
,
R. Halophytocola
,
R. radiobacter
,
R. rhizogenes
,
R. rubi
,
R. vitis
, and
R. nepotum
Genus:
Ensifer
E. meliloti
,
E. Fredii
,
E. sahelense
,
E. terangae
,
E. Medicae, E. arboris
,
E. kostiense
,
E. xingianense (Formerly:Sinorhizobium
xingianense), E. adhaerens
,
E. kummerowiae
,
E. Americanum
,
E. mexicanus
,
E. numidicus
Genus:
Shinella
S. kummerowiae
Genus:
Mesorhizobium
M. loti, M. Huakuii, M. ciceri, M. tianshanense, M. mediterraneum, M. plurifarium, M. amorphae, M. chacoense, M.
septentrionale
,
M. temperatum
,
M.
thiogangeticum,
M. albiziae
,
M. caraganae, M. gobiense, M. tarimense, M. australicum
,
M.
opportunistum
,
M. metallidurans, M. alhagi Alhagi, M. camelthorni
,
M. abyssinicae
,
M. muleiense, M. hawassense, M.
qingshengii, M. robiniae, M. shonense, M. shangrilense, M. silamurunense, M. tamadayense
Genus:
Phyllobacterium
Genus:
Methylobacterium
P. trifolii
M. nodulans
Genus:
Microvirga
Genus:
Ochrobactrum
M. lupini, M. lotononidis, M. zambiensis
O. cytisi, O.lupini
Genus:
Azorhizobium
Genus:
Devosia
A. caulinodans, A. Dobereinereae, A. oxalatiphilum
D. neptuniae
Genus
: Bradyrhizobium
B. japonicum
,
B. elkanii, B. liaoningensese, B. yuanmingense, B. betae, B. canariense, B. iriomotense, B. jicamae, B. lablabi, B.
huanghuaihaiense, B. cytisi, B. daqingense, B. denitrificans, B. Oligotrophicum, B. pachyrhizi
Class: Beta Proeobacteria; Order: Burkholderiales
Genus:
Burkholderia
B. caribensis, B. cepacia, B. tuberum, B. phymatum, B. nodosa, B. sabiae, B. mimosarum, B. rhizoxinica, B. diazotrophica, B.
endofungorum, B. heleia, B. symbiotica
Genus
: Cupriavidus
C. taiwanensis
Class: Gamma-Proteobacteria; Order: Pseudomonadales
Family: Pseudomonaceae
Pseudomonas
sp.
leguminous species, and each leguminous species
nodulates only with a certain range of rhizobia.
However, a complex association between legume and
rhizobia has been found and many leguminous species
can nodulate with distinctive rhizobial species in
different geographical regions (Han et al
.,
2005).
Development of functional nodules requires spatially
controlled activities of genes and gene products of
both partners (Oldroyd et al.
,
2001). For a successful
infection, a compatible pairing of legume cultivar
and rhizobial strain is required.
The symbioses between rhizobia and legume plants
are mainly a mutualistic interaction (Lindström and
Mousavi, 2010). However, it seems that there
are cases where these partnerships can also be
considered as parasitic when they form ineffective
symbiosis with legumes, in which the rhizobia get a
continuous nutrient supply while they fix little or do
not fix nitrogen for the host plant. These types of
situations may occur when multiple rhizobial strains
compete for the same plant and when the strains infect
non-specific hosts promiscuously. Rhizobial strains
can form effective symbioses when they interact with
their own specific host legumes (Denison and Kiers,
2004). For example,
Rhizobium leguminosarum
strains
isolated from nodules of native legumes in New Zealand
were found to form ineffective nodules, while they still
