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Molecular Microbiology Research (Online) 2013, Vol.3 No.1 1-8
ISSN 1027-5595
http://mmr.sophiapublisher.com
6
staphulococci was 49.0, 24.5, 23.6 and 13.6%,
individually. For non-slime producers (NSP) it was
42.9%, 15.7%, 14.2% and 12.9%, respectively. The
correlation showed that SP isolates had more
resistance to antibiotics as equated to those of NSP.
All the strains were prone to vancomycin. The fallouts
of the trial revealed that there was no statistically
substantial variance concerning the tests applied (CRA,
MP and ST tests; X
2
= 0.28).
6 Vaccination against
Staphylococcus aureus
mastitis
The current practices to control mastitis seem to be
ineffective and usually result in persistent and chronic
infections with pockets of contagion in the herd for
long time. Vaccination against
S. aureus
appears to be
rational for the control of disease (Pellegrino et al.,
2010).
To determine the effectiveness against
Staphylococcal
mastitis in ruminants, various vaccination tactics
including surface polysaccharides have been assessed
like, inactivated bacteria and toxoid (Opdebeeck and
Norcross, 1984; Athar, 2007),
S. aureus
bacterin-
toxoid adjuvanted with Montanide
TM
(Yousaf, 2009),
bivalent
S. aureus
and
Strep. agalactiae
bacterin-
toxoid adjuvanted with
aluminium hydroxide (Ahmad
and Muhammad, 2008), contagion encased by a
mucoid material (likely a biofilm matrix) named a
pseudo-capsule (Watson and Devies, 1993), different
types of capsular polysaccharide (CP) like CP5, CP8
and CP336 associated to protein carriers (Von Eiff et
al., 2007) and a combination of mucus (slime) in
liposomes, toxoid and various deactivated pathogens
(Amorena et al., 1994). Numerous field experiments
with these and further vaccines together with crude
extract of encapsulated bacteria in aluminium
hydroxide (Giraudo et al., 1997) have also been
conducted. Recently, a considerable protection
response was observed using bacterin-toxoid prepared
from biofilm producing isolate of
S. aures
in dairy
cattle (Rashid, 2011) and in rabbits (Raza, 2012).
Vaccines showed a reasonable degree of fortification
against
S. aureus
mastitis (Pereira et al., 2011).
7 Conclusion
Mastitis is classified under one of the most common
problems of dairy animals throughout the world and
many etiological agents are responsible for this
disease,
Staphylococcus aureus
is one of the major
causes which are associated with mastitis. Biofilm
production by the microorganisms is deliberated as a
significant virulence factor responsible for adhesion of
these microorganisms with living or non-living
surfaces. Biofilm contents make a community of
bacteria and help them to survive in unfavorable
environmental conditions.
Staphylococcus aureus
isolates which produce biofilm lead to chronic mastitis
in dairy animals as it makes the bacteria resistant to
most of the antibiotics and natural defense of the body
(phagocytosis). The intramammary infection due to
biofilm producer
S. aureus
is difficult to treat even
with intra-mammary antibiotics so proper conside-
rations should be given to the infections produced by
biofilm producing bacteria. Development of an
effective vaccination against the bacteria which
produce biofilm may provide success to control such
type of perilous infections.
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