Basic HTML Version
Molecular Microbiology Research (Online) 2012, Vol.2 No.1 1-9
ISSN 1027-5595
http://mmr.sophiapublisher.com
4
white blood cells.
Veterinarians’ role in the improvement of the drug
storage conditions is also important. It is imperative to
treat younger cows on time, and prevent damage to the
secretory tissue, resulting in increased susceptibility of
repeats. Additionally, veterinarians can influence the
choice of antimicrobials, based on the in vitro
susceptibility testing. The choice of inappropriate drug
should not be an excuse for bovine mastitis treatment
failure, particularly when antimicrobial sensitivity/
resistance testing is readily available.
5 Making Mastitis Treatment Decisive
An approach to the therapeutic decisions for mastitis
must address the three fundamental “E” Efficacy,
Economics, and Evasion of dry residue (Morin et al.,
1988). The key variables that influence the approach
to formulating a treatment protocol are mainly
causative agent, drug selection and cow immune status.
Goal of successful therapy is to attain effective
concentration of drug at site of infection. (Anderson
and smith., 2001 ).
5.1 Three potential therapeutic targets or three
Pharmacological compartment models for therapy
(Table 1)
Table 1 Three pharmacological compartment models
for therapy
Pharmacological compartment
Mastitis pathogens
Milk and
ducts
Parenchyma Cow
Streptococcus agalactiae
+++
- -
- -
Streptococcal spp.
+++
+
- -
Staphylococcus aureus
+
+++
- -
Staphylococcal spp.
--
- -
- -
Coliforms
a
+
- -
+++
Mycoplasma, other
Gram-negatives
a
- -
- -
+++
Note: +++: primary target; +: Some benefit; - -: Little value; a:
Severe clinical, supportive care and prevention of secondary
bacteremia are primary concerns
(1) First compartment: Milk, Epithelial lining, Alveoli
of gland.
This organisms resides in milk and non invasive,
non abscess forming type.
(A)
S
.
agalactiae
,
S. dysagalactiae
, Klebsiella, CNS
(coagulase negative staphylococci)
(B) Route of choice to treat- Intramammary.
(C) Most effective antibiotic- Pirlimycin, Ceftiofur.
(2) Second compartment: Parenchyma.
These organisms are invasive and abscess forming
type
.
(A)
S.aureus
,
S. uberis
etc.
(B) Route of choice to treat-Systeamic.
(C) Most effective antibiotic-Macrolids (Erythromycin
Lincomycin), Rifampicin,
(D) Trimethoprime, tetracycline and floroquinolones.
(3)Third compartment: Cow
These organisms cause severe clinical cases with
systemic involvement.
(A) Treatment targeted towards endotoxin induced shock
(B) Coli forms are the main culprits:
E. coli
(C) Systeamic antibacterial therapy. Ceftriaxone,
Oxytetracycline with fluid infusion.
6 Practical Pharmacological Consideration
Antibiotic shows cultural sensitivity may not be
efficacious in
in-vivo
, so at that time we have to
consider pharmacokinetic behavior of drug in mastitic
milk. Number of quarter affected per cow by clinical/
sub clinical mastitis should be considered when
selecting an antibiotic treatment with local or systemic
route (seriys, 1998). After systemic administration
penetration of drug mainly depend on milk: plasma
concentration ratio. However many factors affect
udder tissue concentration like lipid solubility, tissue
protein binding of drug, pH of milk.
Intra mammary
route prefer for mild mastitis, in acute severe
inflammed quarter distribution of drug will be
impaired so parental administration may overcome
these problems. Although both route concurrent
administration enhanced the results. Intra mammary
route increases new portal of infection and stress to
the udder so if, systemic route achieves sufficient MIC
for desirable period, previous administration should be
discouraged.
The route of administration either intra mammary or