Journal of Mosquito Research, 2013, Vol.3, No.8, 58-64
ISSN 1927-646X
http://jmr.sophiapublisher.com
61
Table 3 Estimation of allele frequency and Shannon’s index based on MboI+ DraI double digestion
Note: na: Observed number of alleles; ne: Effective number of alleles; H: Nei's (1973) gene diversity; I: Shannon's information index
Table 4 Nei's Original Measures of Genetic Identity and Genetic distance based on
Mbo
I
+ Dra
I double digestion
Mosquito
Cx. quinquefasciatus
Ae. aegypti
Ae. albopictus
An. stephensi
Cx. quinquefasciatus
-
0.5000
0.7500
0.5000
Ae. aegypti
0.6931
-
0.5000
0.5000
Ae. albopictus
0.2877
0.6931
-
0.5000
An. stephensi
0.6931
0.6931
0.6931
-
Note: Nei's genetic identity (above diagonal) and genetic distance (below diagonal)
Figure 2 Phylogenetic tree showing phylogenetic position of
mosquito species in the cluster
However, neither position was strongly supported by
bootstrapping. The use of neighbour-joining
procedures produced a trichotomy for the three
species. Consequently, the results of these
taxon-limited analyses neither support nor refute the
traditional position of
Toxorhynchites
as the sister
group of subfamily Culicinae (Reidenbach et al.,
2009).
Considering the impact of mosquitoes on
human health, it is not surprising that phylogenetic
studies of these insects have only dealt with
relationships within the four major groups that contain
the majority of medically important species. These
include subfamily Anophelinae and tribes Aedini,
Culicini and Sabethini of subfamily Culicinae.
Mosquitoes, because of their medical importance, are
one of the most thoroughly studied groups of insects.
Ironically, despite the significant amount of
morphological and molecular work that has been done,
little progress has been made toward an understanding
of the evolutionary history of the family. As the
synthesis of available information clearly shows, the
absence of a comprehensive phylogeny for mosquitoes
is a major obstacle to realizing a robust, stable
classification of the family.
PCR-RFLP is an efficient and convenient typing
technique which is able to detect variation in the DNA
sequence by breaking the DNA in fragments with
Locus
Sample size
na
ne
H
I
A1
4
2.0000
1.6000
0.3750
0.5623
A2
4
2.0000
1.6000
0.3750
0.5623
A3
4
2.0000
1.6000
0.3750
0.5623
A4
4
2.0000
1.6000
0.3750
0.5623
A5
4
1.0000
1.0000
0.0000
0.0000
A6
4
2.0000
1.6000
0.3750
0.5623
A7
4
2.0000
2.0000
0.5000
0.6931
A8
4
2.0000
1.6000
0.3750
0.5623
Mean
4
1.8750
1.5750
0.3438
0.5084
St. Dev
-
0.3536
0.2712
0.1456
0.2105