Journal of Mosquito Research, 2013, Vol.3, No.8, 58-64
ISSN 1927-646X
http://jmr.sophiapublisher.com
58
Research Report Open Access
Molecular Phylogeney and Evolutionary Relationship among Four Mosquito
(
Diptera: Culicidae) Species from India Using PCR-RFLP
Sharma A.K. , Chandel K. , Tyagi V. , Mendki M.J. , Tikar S.N. ,
Sukumaran D.
Vector Management Division, Defence R & D Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
Corresponding author email:
agarima2001@yahoo.com
;
Authors
Journal of Mosquito Research, 2013, Vol.3, No.8 doi: 10.5376/jmr.2013.03.0008
Received: 28 Feb., 2013
Accepted: 26 Mar., 2013
Published: 22 Apr., 2013
This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article:
Sharma et al., 2013, Molecular Phylogeney and Evolutionary Relationship among Four Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Species from India Using PCR-RFLP,
Journal of Mosquito Research, Vol 3, No.8 58-64 (doi: 10.5376/jmr.2013.03.0008)
Abstract
Mosquito of Culicidae (Diptera) family are known to transmit various diseases of public health importance. They are
cosmopolitan in their distribution with diverse habitat and environmental conditions including in India. The generic and suprageneric
relationships and the validity and monophyly of the generic and subgeneric groupings of Culicidae are in need of extensive re
examination. The application of explicit methods of phylogenetic analysis has revealed limitations in the conventional classification
of mosquitoes. With the advent of molecular tools a little progress has been made, that provided a robust, stable classification that
reflects evolutionary relationship. The present study is designed to establish the phylogenetic relation among the four different
Culicidae mosquito species
Anopheles stephensi
,
Aedes aegypti
,
Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus
by using Polymerase
chain reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of Cytochrome Oxidase I (
COI
)
gene. The phylogenetic
tree evolved using POPGENE software revealed phylogenetic relationship among them. The integration of DNA based methods
foster the resolution of non-scientific but important uncertainty of nomenclature and also provide suitable means for delimiting and
unambiguously identification of species for practical reasons including vector management.
Keywords
Culicidae; Mosquitoes; PCR-RFLP; Cytochrome oxidase-I (
COI
)
1
Background
Many species of mosquitoes are vectors of pathogens
that cause disease in humans and animals. The
pathogens transmitted by mosquitoes include viruses
(
arboviruses), filaria1 worms (helminths) and protozoa.
Fewer than 150 species, largely confined to genera
Anopheles
,
Aedes
(
traditional broad sense) and
Culex
,
are the indirect cause of more morbidity and mortality
among humans than any other group of organisms
(
Severson et al., 2012; Taraphdar et al., 2012). Despite
their medical importance and long history of study,
the taxonomy of mosquitoes is far from complete and
the existing system of classification is not entirely
natural (Harbach et al., 1998; Reinert et al., 2009 and
Reinert et al., 2006). Major vector species are
generally those most thoroughly described by
conventional taxonomy. The generic and suprageneric
relationships and the validity and monophyly of the
generic and subgeneric groupings of Culicidae are in
need of extensive reappraisal (Harbach et al., 1668).
There is strong morphological and molecular evidence
that subfamily Anophelinae and tribes Aedini,
Culicini and Sabethini of subfamily Culicinae are
monophyletic, but the other taxonomic groupings are
not demonstrably monophyletic or have not been
subjected to phylogenetic analyses. Mosquitoes,
family Culicidae, comprise a monophyletic taxon
belonging to order Diptera (Harbach et al., 1668). The
family is a large and abundant group that occurs
throughout temperate and tropical regions of the world,
and well beyond the Arctic Circle. Some 3 490
species are currently formally recognized (Harbach et
al., 2007). The integration of molecular methods could
provide the support of non-scientific but important
issue of classification and provides a testable means of
delimiting and unambiguously identifying species for
practical reasons to learn about their bionomics,
distribution and relationships to disease transmission
(
Talbalaghl et al., 2011). This knowledge is essential
for epidemiological studies, the design and