Journal of Mosquito Research, 2013, Vol.3, No.1, 1-10
ISSN 1927-646X
http://jmr.sophiapublisher.com
3
Table 1 Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles associated
with susceptibility, severity, and protection against dengue
hemorrhagic fever
HLA
Susceptibility/severity
Protection
Class I
A*0207
A*0203
A*1
A*03
A*2
A*29
A*24
A*33
A*31
B*13
B blank
B*14
B*13
B*15
B*40
B*18
B*46
B*44
B*51
B*49
B*52
B*52
B*53
B*62
B*57
B*76
B*77
Class
?
DR1
DRB1*0901
DRB1*08
DRB1*02
DRB1*12
DRB1*03
DRB1*15
DRB1*04
DQ1
DRB1*07
prepare to destroy cells that express foreign antigen
fragments on MHC class I molecules. Antigen
presentation by MHC class I molecules to CD8
+
would normally lead to protective immunity, but if
there is an abnormality of immune response, it will
cause disease (Panchal et al., 2012).
Several studies have reported the association of DHF
with HLA antigens in ethnically and geographically
distinct populations. Contribution of these genes to
disease pathogenesis has been analyzed by
Fernández-Mestre et al (2009) in Venezuelan patients
with DF and DHF. This study analyzed the frequency
of HLA class I (-A, -B and –C) and class
?
(-
DRB1)
polymorphisms in patients with dengue diseases and
the relationship with the clinical manifestations. This
study found that patients with DENV infection,
HLA-B*15 and B*49 were significantly lower
compared with controls. Contrary, HLA-B*57
increased significantly compared with controls. In
addition, patients with hemorrhagic manifestations,
HLA-B*40 was higher compared to healthy group. In
other study, HLA- A*0207 and HLA-B*51 were
susceptible to both DHF and DSS (Stephen et al.,
2002).
HLA-A*29 and A*33 were protective against
DENV infection development in Cuba (Paradoa et al.,
1987)
and Vietnam (Loke et al., 2001).
Appanna et al (2010) compared the genotype variants
of HLA Class 1 (-A and -B) in patients with DENV
infection and healthy individuals from several ethnic
groups in Malaysia. They found that HLA-B*53 and
HLA-A*30 were increase significantly and A*03 was
decrease significantly in total population compared to
healthy individuals. In Malay DHF patients, allele
B*13, A*26, and A*68 increased significantly and
allele HLA-B*18 decrease significantly compared to
healthy group. Among Indian DHF patients,
HLA-A*31 was increased. In Chinese DHF patients,
HLA-A*24 and HLA-A*32 were increased
significantly.
2.2
HLA Class
?
HLA class
?
genes encode a and ß polypeptide
chains in HLA class
?
molecules. a and ß HLA
class
?
have four domains, peptide-binding domain
(
a1 and ß1) immunoglobulin-like domains (a2 and ß2),
a transmembrane region and cytoplasmic tail. HLA
class
?
is expressed by immune cells including B
cells, activated T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells
and thymic epithelial cell (Klein and Sato, 2000).
There are six major subtypes of HLA class
?
:
DPA1,
DPB1, DQA1, DQB1, DRA, and DRB1 (Panchal et
al., 2012). HLA class
?
molecules have an
important role in exogenous antigen presentation to T
helper cells (Zhou et al., 2011). The process of
lymphocyte activation during DENV infection is an
important
contribution
in
dengue
diseases
pathogenesis. Based on this fact, a study clearly
confirmed HLA class
?
gene polymorphisms
correlate with clinical manifestations of DENV
infection (Chaturvedi et al., 2006). Several studies
have identified HLA alleles associated with DENV
infection susceptibility and severity such as DR1,
DRB1*08, DRB1*12, and DRB1*15. Whereas some
HLA alleles such as DRB1*0901, DRB1*02,
DRB1*03, DRB1*04, and DRB1*07 are associated
with protection against DENV infection (Chaturvedi
et al., 2006; Panchal et al., 2012; Wagenaar et al.,
2004).
See Table 1.