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Plant Gene and Trait, 2013, Vol.4, No.3, 9
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Table 7 Direct (diagonal) and indirect effects of component characters on grain yield in normal plant density (D
3
: 45 cm × 20 cm)
Characters
PH
DFF
LAF
LI
DI
FWI
NR
LR
NSB
TCC
PC
r
g
with
grain yield
PH
0.191
0.101
0.142
-0.134 0.883
-0.228 0.161
-0.023 -0.504 -0.052 0.333
0.687
DFF
0.020
-0.932 0.200
0.208
-0.212 0.064
0.474
-0.239 0.143
0.292
-1.694 -0.383
LAF
-0.363
-0.249 0.748
-0.140 -0.179 -0.073 -0.132 -0.072 -0.051 -0.306 0.002
0.006
LI
-0.174
0.131
0.071
1.473
1.186
-0.205 0.234
0.081
-0.460 0.048
0.040
0.326
DI
-0.144
0.169
-0.114 -1.498 1.167
-0.176 -0.291 0.131
-0.307 0.055
0.008
0.198
FWI
-0.173
0.239
0.217
-1.201 0.816
1.970
-0.128 0.041
-0.621 -0.079 -0.013 0.783*
NR
0.017
0.251
0.056
0.195
0.193
-0.018 -1.761 0.083
0.177
-0.247 -0.007 0.375
LR
0.012
0.640
-0.155 -0.345 0.440
-0.029 -0.421 0.348
-0.134 0.055
0.038
0.009
NSB
-0.144
0.199
0.057
-1.013 0.536
-0.234 0.466
0.069
1.009
-0.053 -0.067 0.623
TCC
-0.120
0.341
0.288
0.090
0.090
-0.025 -0.549 -0.232 0.144
-0.793 -0.054 0.289
PC
-0.143
0.393
0.168
-0.748 0.012
-0.220 -0.836 0.029
-0.446 -0.267 -0.852 0.056
Note: *Significance at 5 per cent level; **Significance at 1 per cent level; Residual effect = 0.415; r
g
= Genotypic correlation; PH: Plant
height; DFF: Days to 50 per cent flowering; LAF: Leaf area at 50 per cent flowering; LI: Length of the primary inflorescence; DI: Diameter
of the inflorescence; FWI: Fresh weight of the inflorescence; NR: Number of rachis per inflorescence; LR: Length of the rachis per
inflorescence; NSB: Number of secondary branches per inflorescence; TCC: Total carbohydrates content; PC: Protein content
Table 8 Direct (diagonal) and indirect effects of component characters on grain yield in low plant density (D
4
: 45 cm × 30 cm)
Characters
PH
DFF
LAF
LI
DI
FWI
NR
LR
NSB
TCC
PC
r
g
with
grain yield
PH
-1.597
0.127 -0.246
0.005 -0.567 -0.120
0.022 -0.012
0.285 -0.001 -0.247
0.526
DFF
0.005
-0.656
0.101
0.058 -0.515
0.024 -0.327
0.135 -0.264
0.121 -0.132
-0.358
LAF
0.124
0.092
0.428 -0.059 -0.001 -0.097 -0.029 -0.042 -0.427 -0.107
0.005
0.351
LI
-0.207
0.130
0.002
0.958 -0.297 -0.102 -0.042
0.084
0.007 -0.368 -1.015
0.466
DI
-0.027
0.114
-0.098 -2.420
0.627 -0.087 -0.002
0.835 -0.102
0.000 -0.002
0.547
FWI
0.175
0.256
0.026
0.017 -0.247
0.986 -0.004 -0.062
0.588 -0.002 -0.004
0.652**
NR
-1.287
0.234
0.728
0.182
0.252 -0.167 -1.105
0.057
0.002 -0.578 -0.007
0.088
LR
0.164
0.387
0.557
0.087
0.002
0.184 -0.012
0.528
0.768 -0.001 -1.167
0.056
NSB
0.228
0.183 -0.084
0.128
0.009 -0.524
0.027
0.085
0.964 -0.285 -0.014
0.519
TCC
0.064
0.173
0.586 -1.124
0.000 -0.031 -0.068 -0.018 -0.138 -0.008 -0.200
0.348
PC
0.142
0.134
0.114
-0.088
0.006
0.058 -0.701
0.014 -0.647 -0.342
0.157
-0.111
Note: *Significance at 5 per cent level; **Significance at 1 per cent level; Residual effect = 0.559; r
g
= Genotypic correlation; PH: Plant
height; DFF: Days to 50 per cent flowering; LAF: Leaf area at 50 per cent flowering; LI: Length of the primary inflorescence; DI: Diameter
of the inflorescence; FWI: Fresh weight of the inflorescence; NR: Number of rachis per inflorescence; LR: Length of the rachis per
inflorescence; NSB: Number of secondary branches per inflorescence; TCC: Total carbohydrates content; PC: Protein content
secondary branches per inflorescence and leaf area at
50 per cent flowering for all the plant density levels
would be the appropriate selection parameters for
improvement of grain yield in grain amaranthus. The
length of rachis per inflorescence may also be taken as
a selection parameter for improvement of yield as it
had exerted positive direct effect in all density levels
except very high density level.
Authors' Contributions
Dr. S. Ramesh Kumar conceived the overall study, performed
the experiment designs and drafted the manuscript. Dr. G.
Mohamed Yassin and Dr. R. Govin- darasu took part in the
experiment as chairman of the advisory committee. The above
scientists read the manuscript and revised it. All authors had
read and consent the final text.
Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to NBPGR for providing the
germplasms to carry out the present investigation. Dr. S.
Kumaran, Associate Professor (Horticulture), Forestry College and
Research Institute, Mettupalayam is duly acknowledged for