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Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding, 2013, Vol.3, No.3, 12
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Figure 1 Histological change during various cultural stages
Note: A: Whole mount of
in vitro
leaf (8-weeks-old) showed open type stomata with fully turgid guard cell sl; B: Whole mount of
acclimatized leaf (16-weeks-old) showed partially closed stomata; C: TS of acclimatized leaf; D: TS of
in vitro
leaf; E: TS of
in vitro
stem; F: TS of acclimatized stem; G: TS of
in vitro
root; H: TS of acclimatized Root; EC: Epidermal cell; GC: Guard cells; ST:
Stomata; UE: Upper epidermis; CU: Cuticle; PP: Palisade parenchyma; SP: Spongey parenchyma; LE: Lower epidermis; EP:
Epidermis; PC: Parenchymatus cell; PI: Pith; CC: Cortex cambium; VC: Vertical cell; CO: Cortex parenchyma; Scale bars=100 µm
in panels C, D and H and Scale bars=400 µm in panels E, F and G respectively; T.S.: Transverse section
1.4 Histological study of root
The acclimatized plants root (Figure 1H) had a well-
developed parenchymatous cortex which had tannin
cells. Pericycle is made of stone cells and there was a
prominent casparian strip. The vascular cylinder consisted
of secondary xylem towards inner side and secondary
phloem towards outer side. The secondary xylem showed
wide vessels scattered among trachieds. Medullary
rays were present while pith was negligible.
While the
in vitro
root (Figure 1G) showed poorly
developed and undifferentiated cortex with very less
amount of storage tissue and no secondary growth at
all, the pith was very poorly developed.
Lowest sample area was observed in
in vitro
stem
(10.32 mm
2
) while highest (19.81 mm
2
) in acclimatized
root. Total thickness of the sample was ranged from
(40.4~4.56 µm) with total thickness of the cell v/s par-
enchymatus cells is also ranges from 1.56~1.97 (Table 2).
Table 2 Anatomical features of leaf, stem and root of
in vitro
and acclimatized plantlets
Parameters
In vitro
leaf
Acclimatized
leaf
In vitro
stem
Acclimatized
stem
In vitro
root
Acclimatized
root
Sample area (mm)
2
10.34
10.98
10.32
18.82
11.43
19.81
Total thickness (µm)
40.4
41.66
43.43
72.64
46.44
84.56
Size of parenchymatus cells (µm)
20.84
24.4
21.42
46.52
23.52
51.2
Width of palisade cells (µm)
3.2
5.6
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-
-
-
Length of palisade cells (µm)
6.5
13.4
-
-
-
-
Length of spongy cell (µm)
3.7
5.8
-
-
-
-
Width of spongy cell (µm)
6.9
10.11
-
-
-
-
Thickness/P. cells (µm)
1.93
1.70
1.88
1.56
1.97
1.65
p
0.05
0.92
0.68
0.98
0.66
0.93
0.54
Note: (-) = Absent