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Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding, 2013, Vol.3, No.3, 12
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18
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12
Research Report Open Access
Histological and biochemical changes in
Aegle marmelos
Corr. before and after
acclimatization
Rajesh Pati
1,2
, Maneesh Mishra
2
, Ramesh Chandra
2
, Muthukumar M.
2
1.Jain R&D, Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd., Jalgaon-425 001, Maharashtra, India
2.Central Institute for Sub-tropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, Lucknow-227107, India
Corresponding author email:
drrajeshpati@gmail.com;
Authors
Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding, 2013, Vol.3, No.3 doi: 10.5376/tgmb.2013.03.0003
Received: 18 Mar., 2013
Accepted: 31 Mar., 2013
Published: 27 Apr., 2013
This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction
in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article:
Pati et al., 2013, Histological and biochemical changes in
Aegle marmelos
Corr. before and after acclimatization, Vol.3, No.3 12-18 (doi: 10.5376/tgmb.
2013.03.0003)
Abstract
Maximum mortality of micropropagated plants occur during acclimatization phase because plantlets undergo rapid and
extreme changes in physiological functioning, histological and biochemical changes. In order to investigate the actual reason of this
limitation, test samples were collected at different stages of micropropagation of
Aegle marmelos
Corr. (
In vitro
stage, acclimation
stage, and field established plants). The biochemical result showed that micropropagated plantlets produced significantly low total
chlorophyll (0.042 mg/g fresh weight), reducing sugar (3.227%), NR activity (1.353 NO
2
/h/g fresh weight) and but higher protein
(0.048 µg/g) during
in vitro
phase. The
in vitro
raised plants showed abnormal histological features like altered leaf mesophyll,
absence of thick cuticle, sunken stomata, poorly developed stem and root histology. These results revealed that the photoautrophic
mode of nutrition during
in vitro
phase increased the survival rate during acclimatization compared to photoheterotrophic mode of
nutrition. This suggests that photoautotrophism phenemoneon has substantial influence on the physiology and development of
in
vitro
regenerated
Aegle marmelos
Corr. plantlets.
Keywords
Histology, Parenchymous cells, Chlorophyll, Micropropagation and stomata
Introduction
Aegle marmelos
Corr., belongs to family Rutaceae, is
more prized for its pharmacological virtues than its
edible quality. Because of pharmacological importance,
it’s become potential candidate for developing
transgenics to enhance its medicinal properties by
researchers community (Pati and Muthukumar, 2013).
But, commercial orcharding of
Aegle marmelos
Corr.
despite its potential medicinal value, has not been
taken up on large scale due to shortage of genuine
planting materials for initial establishment of the
orchard. Conventionally
Aegle marmelos
Corr., is pro-
pagated through grafting which is season dependent
with lower multiplication rate. Micropropagation
technique has been developed in
Aegle mormelos
Corr.
from mature tree through enhanced axillary branching
for mass multiplication (Pati et al., 2008; Pati et al.,
2008a; Pati et al., 2008b; Raj and Basavaraju, 2012).
However, high mortality of micropropagated plants
during acclimatization and subsequently poor field
establishment remains a major bottleneck in comme-
rcealizing the micropropagation protocol to industry.
During
in vitro
condition plants grow in an atmosphere
with high relative humidity, low light intensity, reduce
gaseous exchange and low transpiration rates.
Plantlets often desiccate or wilt rapidly and finally die
due to anatomical disturbances that affect the physiol-
ogical process which includes, low photosynthetic rate,
low transpiration rate, low uptake of water and
minerals and high water loss during acclimatization.
These anatomical and physiological disorders eventually
affect the morphology of plantlets which lead to poor
growth and low survival percentage of micropropagated
plantlets (Kumar and Rao, 2012). Brainerd and
Fuchigami (1982) reported that the characteristic
inability of raised stomata to close upon removal
could be corrected by acclimatization. Maren et al.
(1970) observed that the reversion of stomata to
functional state was achieved after removal from
culture. Generally,
in vitro
conditions which promote