Page 10 - IJA-Vol.3-No.12
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International Journal of Aquaculture, 2013, Vol.3, No.12, 55
-
62
61
maintained at 1500 lux~2000 lux (measured at the
water surface) by using fluorescent lamps with a
photoperiod of 14 h light: 10 h dark. Samples of eggs
(20
eggs) were taken at various intervals and
development stage, and were recorded by using a
digital camera connected to microscope (Olympus
SZ
-
61,
Japan). This study was repeated for four
different batches of eggs. As the development time
was not significantly different between each batch
(
P
>0.05), the time to developmental checkpoint was
taken as the earliest time that over 50% of the sample
of embryos or larvae had reached a particular stage.
2.5
Morphological Measurements of Larvae and
Juveniles
Fish samples were taken every day from 0 dph to
10
dph, and then were taken on 14 dph, 16 dph, 19 dph,
24
dph, 28 dph, 32 dph, 36 dph, 40 dph, and 50 dph.
On each of the sampling day, 2~30 larvae were used
for morphological measurements. Larvae were
randomly selected and dipped at different zones from
the rearing tank until 15 dph, after 16 dph were netted
at different zones. All the fish were anaesthetized
(
MS
-
222,
Tricaine methane sulfonate, 20 mg/L~30 mg/L)
and measured under dissecting microscope (Olympus
SZ
-
61).
The volume of yolk sac (VYS, mm
3
)
was
calculated using the formula for an ellipsoidal volume:
VYS= π/6×
L
×
H
2
,
where
L
was the major axis, and
H
was the minor axis of the yolk sac (Blaxter and
Hempel. 1963). The volume of oil globule (VOG) in
cubic millimeter was calculated: VOG=4/3π(
d
/2)
3
,
where
d
is diameter of the spherical oil globule. Total
length (TL) was measured from the tip of the lower
jaw to the posterior margin of the caudal fin.
Growth was determined by the specific growth rate
(
SGR) as %/day using the following equations
(
Hopkins KD 1992). SGR=100 (
LnSL
f
–
LnSL
i
)/
Δt
,
where
SL
f
and
SL
i
were the final and initial fish total length
(
mm), respectively, and
Δt
was the time between
sampling intervals (Chen et al. 2006a). The seeding
rate (SR) was calculated using the formula: SR =
[
number of young fish (Total length ≥50mm)/ number
of normal newly hatched larvae] ×100%.
2.6
Statistical Analysis
The data in this article were expressed as mean ± SD,
and an independent T-test was used to compare the
developing time of the embryo between different batches
of eggs (PASW statistics 18.0, IBM, Chicago, IL, USA).
Acknowledgements
This research was sponsored by Science and Technology Development
Program of Shandong Province “Breeding of bluefin leatherjacket,
Thamnaconus modestus
in commercial scales” (2009GG10005017), and
Development Program of Fine Seeds Program in Shandong Province
“
Finfish breeding program for industry scales”. The authors wish to thank
staffs from Yantai Baijia fishery Co., Ltd. for technical assistance in
broodstocks management and larval fish rearing. The authors would like to
thank Mr. Ji-lin Lei, Dr. Yong-jiang Xu and Dr. Yun-wei Dong for early
planning on this study.
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