International Journal of Marine Science 2016, Vol.6, No.41, 1-4
3
The present finding of a tin can inside the stomach of a cod along with several newspaper reports on similar cases
in Norway, especially in urban areas, sheds light on the ability of fish to ingest such hard and large materials on
one hand, and it conveys a message to the decision makers to take extra measures to limit the amount of debris
that finds its way to the aquatic environment.
The works of Van Franeker et al. (2011), Foekema et al. (2013) Trevail et al. (2015) and Herzke et al. (2016)
showed that the coasts of Norway have different levels of pollution by marine debris, which in turn have impacts
on the marine organisms in this part of the world.
Though significant advances in degradable materials are being developed, the preventive actions of avoiding
marine debris in the first step should be strengthened. Prevention, reduction and control of marine debris should
be obtained through an effective collaboration of education, legislation and innovation (Sheavly and Register,
2007).
References
Barnes D.K.A., Galgani F., Thompson R.C. and Barlaz M., 2009, Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments. Philosophical
Transaction of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, 1985-1998.
Mid:19528051 PMCid:PMC2873009
Boerger C.M., Lattin G.L., Moore S.L. and Moore C.J., 2010, Plastic ingestion by planktivorous fishes in the North Pacific Central Gyre. Marine Pollution
Bulletin 60, 2275–2278.
Mid:21067782
Carpenter E.J., Anderson S.J., Harvey G.R., Miklas H.P. and Peck B.B., 1972. Polystyrene spherules in coastal waters. Science 178, 749–750.
Mid:4628343
Foekema E.M., De Gruijter C., Mergia M.T., van Franeker J.A., Murk A.J. and Koelmans A.A., 2013, Plastic in North Sea Fish. Environmental Science and
Technology 47, 8818-8824.
Mid:23777286
Gudger E. W. 1949, Natural history notes on tiger sharks,
Galeocerdo tigrinus
, caught at Key West, Florida, with emphasis on food and feeding habits. Copeia 1,
39-47.
- -Dalsgaard S., Langset M. and Koelmans A. A. 2016, Negligible Impact of ingested
microplastics on tissue concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in Northern Fulmars off coastal Norway. Environmental Science and Technology 50,
1924-1933.
Hoss D.E. and Settle L.R., 1990, Ingestion of plastics by teleost fishes. In:
Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Marine Debris
(Shomura,
R.S. and Codfrey, H.L., eds.), 2–7 April 1989, Honolulu, Hawaii, 1990. US Department of Commerce, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS,
Washington, DC, USA, pp. 693–709.
Humborstad O.B., Ferter K., Kryvi H. And Fjelldal P.G. 2016, Exophthalmia in wild-caught cod (
Gadus morhua
L.): development of a secondary barotrauma
effect in captivity. Journal of Fish Diseases DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12484 (On line version).
Kühn S., Bravo Rebolledo E.L. and van Franeker J.A., 2015, Deleterious effects of litter on marine life. In M. Bergmann, L. Gutow and M. Klages (Eds.)
Marine Anthropogenic Litter. pp.75-116.
Laist D.W., 1997, Impacts of marine debris: entanglement of marine life in marine debris including a comprehensive list of species with entanglement and
ingestion records. In:
Marine Debris: Sources. Impacts and Solutions
(Coe, J.M. & Rogers, D.B., eds.) pp. 99–139. Frankfurt, Germany: Springer.
Lusher, A., McHugh, M. and Thompson, R. (2013). Occurrence of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tract of pelagic and demersal fish from the English
Channel. Marine Pollution Bulletin 67, 94-99.
PMid:23273934
Miranda D.d.A. and de Carvalho-Souza G.F. 2016, Are we eating plastic-ingesting fish? Marine Pollution Bulletin 103, 109-114.
PMid:26763323
Neves D., Sobral P., Ferreira J.L. and Pereira T., 2015, Ingestion of microplastics by commercial fish off the Portuguese coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin 101,
119-126.
PMid:26608506
Oehlmann J., Schulte-Oehlmann U., Kloas W., Jagnytsch O., Lutz I., Kusk K.O., Wollenberger L., Santos M., Paull G.C., Van Look K.J.W. and Tyler C.R., 2009,
A critical analysis of the biological impacts of plasticizers on wildlife. Philosophical Transaction of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364,
2047–2062.
Mid:19528055 PMCid:PMC2873012
