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International Journal of Marine Science 2014, Vol.4, No.54, 1-10
http://ijms.biopublisher.ca
9
trends, both planned and unplanned. Urban and
Industrial development are having devastating effects
on many wetlands in Khouzestan province. Waterbirds
are main components of the fauna of the wetland
habitats. We need to plan and promote marsh birds
monitoring on a national basis and to strive for
cooperation of seabird specialists throughout the
region. Ideally, a few widespread species should be
monitored throughout their ranges in the region,
which requires a nationally coordinated effort.
Identification of essential roosting and nesting habitat
is required to sustain marsh bird populations in a
given region of conservation concern. Conservation
problems and threats faced by seabirds in the region
have been discussed [3], but briefly these are included
offshore pollution, commercial exploitation of prey on
which seabirds feed, incidental take, human
disturbance, habitat reduction, and releasing
wastewater in water bodies. Marsh bird conservation
is mostly a matter of wetlands conservation.
Wastewater chemical related activities are [4,18]
major environmental threats to marsh species. Threats
include platform construction, drilling in wetlands and
offshore, shipping and spillage, and chronic, low-level
seepage from surface runoff or subsurface sources.
Marsh birds are commonly injured by wetlands
pollution and hazardous material releases, that
affected birds numbering in the hundreds to thousands
in some cases. Injuries can lead directly to mortality or
indirect effects through habitat degradation, lost
reproductive success, or contaminated food supplies.
As upper trophic level feeders, marsh birds rely on a
healthy wetland environment to provide the prey base
necessary for reproduction, migration and general
maintenance. Study on waterbirds biology is useful to
indicate environmental quality. Protection, and
management of colonial waterbirds and marsh birds
can help conserve the broader landscape in which they
occur in summer and other non-nesting habitats are
critical to the long-term conservation of marsh birds
and colonial waterbirds.
4 Conclussion
This study revealed, In the Miangharan
wetland, the
water quality affected on number, species diversity,
density and richness of birds, because the local
environmental factors were the same during the study
period on all parts of wetland (south and north part,
except releasing the wastewater of Izhe city into south
part of marsh). For this reason the physicochemical
parameters in south were more than north and
inversely the number of birds bio-indexes (Species
diversity, richness and evenness were less in south
part than in north part of Miangharan marsh.
Suggestion
To get a better understanding of relationships between
waterbird population and species diversity and water
physicochemical parameters further study is needed to
increase the sampling frequencies and periods and to
examine more water quality parameters in four season
of year.
Acknowledgement
This research project has been financially supported by Dep. of
Environment of Izeh City, I am very grateful to Dep. of the
Environment of Izeh, specially Mr. Mula head of natural
environment unit for supporting the study of biodiversity of
waterbirds in Khozestan 2009-2011.
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