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International Journal of Marine Science 2014, Vol.4, No.69, 1-3
http://ijms.biopublisher.ca
1
A Letter Open Access
Occurrence of
Triaenophorus nodulosus
and
T. crassus
Plerocercosis (Cestoda:
Pseudophyllidea) in Fish
Parasilurus triostegus
of Al- Hummar Marsh South of
Iraq
SalimA.A.Al-Daraji, Majid Abdul Aziz Bannai , Essa T. Muhammad
Aquaculture and Marine Fisheries, Marine Science Center, Basrah University, Iraq
Corresponding author email
International Journal of Marine Science, 2014, Vol.4, No.69 doi: 10.5376/ijms.2014.04.0069
Received: 19 Aug., 2014
Accepted: 03 Oct., 2014
Published: 20 Nov., 2014
Copyright
©
2014
Salim et al., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article:
Salim et al., 2014, Occurrence of
Triaenophorus nodulosus
and
T. crassus
Plerocercosis (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) in Fish
Parasilurus triostegus
of Al-
Hummar Marsh South of Iraq, International Journal of Marine Science, Vol.4, No.69 1
-
3 (doi
Abstract
During the investigation of
Parasilurus triostegus
fishes where collecting from Al- Hummar Marsh south of Iraq, during
the years 2013. Two different parasite
Triaenophorus nodulosus
and
T. crassus
were isolated from the
intestinal and muscles of the
fish. The results give an indication that is the two type of parasite are consider as new records in Iraq, and the
Parasilurus Triostegus
as a new host in the world.
Keywords
Triaenophorus nodulosus
;
T. crassus
;
Parasilurus triostegus
; Freshwater fish parasite; Al- Hummar Marsh; Iraq
Introduction
Tapeworms of the genus
Triaenophorus
Rudolphi,
1793 (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) are frequent parasites
of common pike (
Esox lucius
L.), Amur pike (E.
reichertii Dybowski) and walleye Sander vitreus
(Mitchill), (Kuperman 1973, Schmidt 1986, Bray et al.
1994).
Geographical distribution of
Triaenophorus crassus
is
present in the Neartic Region and the Palearctic
Region. Specific countries parasite has been found in
are: Austria, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Norway,
Canada, Switzerland, Bulgaria, Slovakia, Germany
and the United States. (Achleitner, et al., 2009).
Triaenophorus crassus
is a intestine tapeworm,
therefore it’s behavior is parasitic, through each step
in the life cycle after the eggs hatch, it is eaten and
then it uses the host’s resources for development.
(Vickova, et al., 2007)
Triaenophorus crassus
and
T.nodals
needs three hosts
during its life cycle, eggs are released from the adult
into the water, after eggs hatch in 1-2 weeks, a free
swimming ciliated coracidium emerges; the
coracidium swims for 1-2 days, and needs to be
consumed by its next host, a copepod, Once ingested
by a copepod the parasite migrates to the hemocoel
and develops into a procercoid, the copepod is then
eaten by a whitefish and digested, as it is being
digested it penetrates the gut wall and enters the fish
musculature , here the parasite may migrate for up to
several months (Wardle, et al., 1974). During this time
the parasite becomes a plercocercoid larva and
acquires hooks, when the whitefish is eaten by the
definitive host (a pike) the parasite attaches to the
intestine where it matures to adulthood ,During the
spawning time of the pike, a short period in the spring,
adult
T. crassus
release its scolex from the pike. As the
entire animal reaches the water, it releases eggs in
littoral areas. (Pulkkinen, et al., 2000).
1 Materials and Methods
Monthly fish samples were collected of
Parasilurus
Triostegus
from Al- Hummar Marsh South of
Iraq ,during the years 2013 ,A Total of 30 fish
specimens where collected by using electro- net. The
fishs were examined microscopically for the presence
of cestodes in the body cavity, intestine, and
musculature. Cestodes were placed in the
physiological saline to which distilled water was
gradually added. Initially the worm was relaxed
before fixation in A.F.A. solution and specimens
were stained in acetiocarmine . All measurements
are given in micrometers. The parasites were
identified according to (Vickova et. al., 2007 ). And
drawing was prepared by camera Lucida.