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International Journal of Marine Science 2014, Vol.4, No.55, 1-5
http://ijms.biopublisher.ca
2
Table 1: Details of
Casuarina
plantation in the coastal areas of Batticaloa district (DSD-Divisional Secretariat Division, GND-Grama
Niladhari Division, FD-Forest Department, MSEP-Manmunai South & Eruvil Pattu, MP- Manmunai Pattu, MN-Manmunai North,
EP-Eravur Pattu, KP- Koralai Pattu)
Coastal village
DSD
Name of GND
Agency
Extent (ha)
No. of plants (*000)
Periyakallar
MSEP
3 south, 3, 2, 2 west, 1 south,1
FD
07
9
Koddaikallar
MSEP
South, East, North
FD
10
16
Ondachchimadam
MSEP
North
Mandru
1
, FD
2
06
1
, 20
2
18
1
, 32
2
Kaluwanchikudy
MSEP
South, 2,1
Mandru
17
51
Kaluthavalai
MSEP
4 Santhipuram, 4, 3, 2, 1, central
Mandru
04
18
Thettathivu
MSEP
2,1, South, North
Mandru
09
27
Mankadu
MSEP
Mankadu
Mandru
04
15
Chettipalayam
MSEP
South, North
Mandru
10
30
Krukkalmadam
MSEP
South, North
Mandru
17
51
Kirankulam
MP
Kirankulam, Central, North
Mandru
22
66
Puthukudiyiruppu
MP
South, North Puthukudiyiruppu,
Mandru
13
39
Kallady
MN
Nochchimunai
FD
10
30
Navalady
MN
Dutch bar, Navalady
FD
23
37
Palameenmadu
MN
Palameenmadu
FD
20
38
Mylampaveli
EP
Mylampaveli
Mandru
19
60
Thalavai/Savukkady
EP
Thalavai, Savukkady
Mandru
25
66
Punnaikudah
EP
Punnaikudah
Mandru
18
30
Kaluwankerni
EP
Kaluwankerni 2
Mandru
104
312
Kalkudah/Pasikudah
KP
Kalkudah
Mandru
14
42
Total
05
45
02
372
987
These projects focused on 5-6 months for
implementation and 12-18 months for continuous
management. About 40-50 km of
Casuarina
belt has
been planted in the 65km of the coast-line between
Periyakallar and Kalkudah/Pasikudah (Figure 1). This
account 35- 40% of the coastline of Batticaloa district
and 70% of the study area. Majority of the plantation
had been established between the year 2000 and 2005.
About 52% (210 ha) of the belt was established after
the 2004-tsunami.
Figure 1 Illegal cutting (A), burning (B) of and garbage dumping (C) in the
Casuarina
plantation
1.3 Ecology of plantation
Casuarina equisetifolia
used as a monoculture
species. The
Casuarina
plantation starts at a
distance of 50-75m from mean high tide mark and
the width was 75-100 m. The belt is contiguous in
some places and discrete in others. The gaps
between the
Casuarina
belts existed unequally,
ranges from 50-100 m in some places and 300-400
m in others.
The age of the
Casuarina
trees were between 4 and 8
years and the height ranges between 2and15 m.
Casuarina
belts that were established before tsunami
reached up to a height of 12-15 m. A density of 1600
plants/ha has been maintained by FD and 3000
plants/ha by Mandru. Debris and fallen leaves of
Casuarina
accumulated on the ground, for about 7-12
cm thickness and covered the entire area of the belt,
which was not removed.