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International Journal of Marine Science 2014, Vol.4, No.58, 1-7
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6
reported
34
. A comparative analysis of the list of
mangrove species was given by Untawale
35
,
Banerjee & Rao
36
, Deshmukh & Mahalingam
37
,
Chaudhuri & Choudhury
38
, Satyanarayana et al
39
and
Ramasubramanian et al
40
, which indicates a total
number of 34 true mangrove species in the mangroves
of India, including both east and west coasts and
Andaman and Nicobar islands. Kathiresan
18
has
recorded 36 species of mangroves under 19 genera
and 14 families in east coast of India, while 25 species
of mangroves under 14 genera and 9 families in west
coast of India, and 36 species under 18 genera 14
families in Andaman and Nicobar Islands
18
. Highest
mangrove species were reported in Odisha (101
species), followed by Sundarbans (92 species) and
Andaman & Nicobar (91 species), whereas Gujarat is
represented with lowest diversity of 36 species
18
. The
mangrove wetlands of Orissa has 31 species
36
, while
Sundarbans of West Bengal has 24 species, similar to
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
38
. Nine true mangrove
species and ten associates have been identified in
Kundapura area of Karnataka
41
. Mangroves in Tamil
Nadu have been recorded with different number of
species:14 species
37,40
, 16 species
31
. In Pichavaram
area of Tamil Nadu is recorded with 13 true mangrove
tree species and 73 other vegetation
42
. The present
study registered 16 mangroves and 23 mangrove
associates along the 56 estuaries of Tamil Nadu coast
(Table 1 & 2).
Families such as, Plumbaginaceae, Avicenniaceae,
Arecaceae and Pellicieraceae contain only mangrove
species. Two orders Myrtales and Rhizophorales
contain 25% of all mangrove families. In the present
study 40% of mangroves species from Rhizophoraceae
family and 20% species in Avicenniaceae family were
reported (Table 1 & Figure 2), while 20% of
mangrove associate species were reported in
Chenopodiaceae family and 12% of species in
Malvaceae family (Table 2 & Figure 1). Mangrove
species such as
Pemphis acidula
is endemic to island
of Gulf of Mannar of Tamil Nadu.
Scyphiphora
hydrophyllacea
is restricted to Godavari mangroves of
Andhra Pradesh, while
Nypa fruticans
is present only
Sundarbans of West Bengal and Andaman and
Nicobar Islands
31
.
Xylocarpus
species are reportedly
restricted to Andaman and Nicobar Islands,
Sundarbans, Mahanadi delta, Andhra Pradesh and
Pichavaram
43-47
. Similarly, during the present study a
mangrove species (
Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)
was noted
only in Ariyankuppam and Thengaithittu estuary of
North Coromandel coast and
Avicennia alba
from
Palayakayal estuary of Gulf of Mannar region (Table 1)
and two mangrove associates (
Acrostrichum aureum
and
Fimbristylis ferruginea
) were reported in the
Manakkudy estuary (Table 2).
Figure 2 shows the collection sites of estuaries of Tamil Nadu
Acknowledgement
We are thankful to the authorities of Annamalai University for
providing facilities and to the University Grants Commission
(UGC), New Delhi for financial support under CPEPA
programme.
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