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International Journal of Marine Science 2014, Vol.4, No.22, 197-209
http://ijms.biopublisher.ca
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economic growth among the Karimunjawa islands.
Local people have enjoyed of modern education
especially in European style. It became one of cultural
symbols of modernity in the Karimunjawa islands. In
turn, Karimunjawa by its development and
surrounded small islands by its underdevelopment,
both of them are strengthened relations a pattern of
center–periphery. Karimunjawa is becoming center of
education in the islands, for local people in the small
islands to continue secondary education they should
go to Karimunjawa as well.
3.3.5 Disorientation of center-periphery pattern
Based on the observation and results, it can be shaped
on a pattern of relationship between center-periphery
of Karimunjawa island with the surrounding small
islands. It is created by its historical processes in
context of social relations. Gunder Frank has noted of
these relations between center and periphery between
the third world countries (countries of former colonies)
with former colonialist state as result of a long
socio-historical process (Valezuela & Valezuela, 199).
Since the beginning of Karimunjawa economic
development, the islands has related with other
advanced islands from around of the Archipelago, and
it was compared to its surrounding small islands.
Meanwhile in regard of this relationship between
former colonies with former colonialist state. Indeed,
former colonies countries such as Indonesia, India,
China, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, etc., have already achieved
civilization progress before European imperialist arrived.
The different situation had occured a when the
economic formation already began at the early growth
of the Islands. Karimunjawa island was strengthened
by the Dutch in terms of political policy and succeeded
by Indonesian government since 1945 which led to
Karimunjawa island as a center of governance in the
islands. Meanwhile, the small islands economic
development started at following phase after
Karimunjawa island successfully became a center of
economic growth. Socio-political factor has created a
center-periphery relationship pattern in economical
field which eventually delivered a construction of
cultural hegemony. In turn, the cultural hegemony
strengthened the economic domination
Nevertheless political developments in line with
regional economy and will be more established
accessible in communication, information technology,
and transport for public. Communication as one of the
constrains in the small islands which is limited and
only accessible in a specific location at a specific time,
it also has limit on internet connectivity. It is very
different with the center are able to directly connect
with outside. Ocean freight route still limit to reach the
Karimunjawa (both from Semarang and Jepara),
however people on surrounded small islands by boat
private ownership can reach directly to Jepara without
must stopped by Karimunjawa island. Thus economic
network is become more melting and have a tendency
to reduce dependency of the small islands as periphery
to Karimunjawa as center, it is also going on to
establish public facilities at some of small islands.
They begin to enjoy a better road facilities by
motorcycles, consumption of diesel for electricity, etc,
although isolated geographical problems still can be
felt when the bad season arrived on October to April.
At that time small islands as periphery are often
becomes isolated islands in a few months.
So far there has been occurred a reduction of
center-periphery relationship pattern after the peripheral
community gained access for communication,
information, and sea transportation although it has not
been advanced yet. For transportation sector, there has
been daily boat scheduled from/to Parang and Nyamuk
island until now. The government of Jepara has been
operated Kemujan motor ship to serve Karimun-Parang
route since 2012 and charged Rp. 35.000 per person for
one way trip. It services per two days in a week depend
on the weather. Furthermore the islanders who don’t
have their own boat, they can rent a one way trip boat
from or to Parang with pay Rp. 400.000.
In order to be able to communicate with the outside,
Parang and Nyamuk people can use mobile phone, and
enjoy radio or television although they should use cable
connection or satellite dish antenna mounted in >15 m
height. Therefore, everyone can start to access
information through television or radio. Thedy can get
access communication system by using mobile phone
although there has been very limited signal. In this
respect, almost every young people do have mobile
phone and can communicate with the outside, eve they
can also access slow internet in a limited signal. The
public service and facilities make islanders especially
people from Parang and Nyamuk can access