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International Journal of Marine Science 2013, Vol.3, No.30, 238-243
http://ijms.sophiapublisher.com
241
showed that heavy metals content/bioaccumulation of
Cu, Pb, and Zn in soft tissues of
A. indica
collected
from Tanjung Pasir are higher in small individual
compared to large or medium individual. This is
because Cu and Zn are essential elements that are
needed for metabolism/ growth. According to Prartono
(1985), there was no correlation between size of
individual and content of heavy metals. In Panimbang
coastal areas, heavy metals content in
A. indica
showed no big difference among sizes of individual.
From Table 2, it can be seen that Cu was significantly
correlated (p<0.01; r: 0.538-0.624) with all fraction,
while Pb correlated (p<0.01; r: 0.554-0.662) with
Fe-Mn oxides, organic, residual fraction, and Zn
correlated (p<0.01; r: 0.494-0.508) only with Fe-Mn
oxides and organic fraction.
Table 2 Correlation between geochemical fractionation (F1, F2,
F3 and F4) and bioaccumulation in
A. indica
collected from
Tanjung Pasir and Panimbang Estuaries
Cu
Pb
Zn
F1
0.538**
0.062
-
0.267
F2
0.624**
0.661**
0.508**
F3
0.592**
0.662**
0.494**
F4
0.567**
0.554**
0.316
Note: ** p < 0.01
Giordano et al (1991) found that Pb concentration in
bivalve
M. galloprovincialis
was significantly
correlated with Pb level in sediments (p < 0.01). Yap et
al (2002b) also reported that Pb concentration in the
soft tissues of
P. viridis
was significantly correlated
with the resistant and total fractions of Pb in sediments.
Soto-Jimenev et al (2001) and Shulkin et al (2003) also
found that Pb in oyster
Crassostrea iridescens
and
C.
gigas
, respectively, were related to the metal
concentrations in the associated sediments. Based on
his study in Hong Kong waters, Phillips (1985) had
also confirmed the capacity of the soft tissue of mollusc
to monitor Pb in coastal environment.
3 Conclusions
1. There were strong correlation between all fraction
with heavy metal Cu in
A. indica
.
2. Pb in
A. indica
was significantly correlated with
Fe-Mn oxides, organic, residual fraction.
3. Zn in
A. indica
was significantly correlated only with
Fe-Mn oxides and organic fraction.
4
. A. indica
could be used as a useful biomonitoring
agent for Cu, Pb, and Zn pollution.
4 Data and Methods
4.1 Sampling time and location
Coastal areas of Tanjung Pasir Tangerang Subdistrict,
Banten Province located at 5°57′77″~6°02′42″
Latitude and 106°37′33″~107°42′54″ Longitude
(Figure 4). Tanjung Pasir is an area where there are
many industries, housings, and commercial activities
found. Coastal areas of Panimbang, Pandeglang,
Banten Province, geographically located at 6°21′~7°10′
Latitude and 104°48′~106°11′ Longitude, administratively
bordered by Serang District in the North and Hindia
Ocean in the South, and Sunda Strait in the West. Here
many agricultural activities, husbandry, and housings
are found. Surounding this place, there are many river
mouths where many rivers flow their water to Jakarta
Bay carrying industrial, agricultural, domestic
wastes/sewage containing pesticides, PAH, heavy
metals, etc. (Arifin, 2005).
4.2 Field sampling
Sediment samples were collected using a 3.5 L Ekman
grab sampler. The top 2–3 cm of the sediment layer
was collected using a plastic spatula, and subsequently
placed in the acid-washed plastic-bags and stored at
-
4
℃
during transportation to the laboratory.
4.3 Heavy metals analysis in sediment
Sequential extraction procedures are available for
characterizing sediments (Tessier et al., 1979), but it is
well established that such approaches do not remove
metals selectively from specific components of the
sediments (Kheboian and Bauer, 1987; Rendell et al.,
1980; Guy et al., 1980; Luoma and Jenne, 1976).
Geochemical fractions of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in
sediments were obtained by using the modified
Sequential Extraction Technique. The four fractions
considered, the extraction solutions, and the
conditions employed were:
1) Easily, freely, leachable or exchangeable (EFLE)
(Fraction 1): About 10 g of sample was continuously
shaken for 3 h with 50 ml 1.0 M ammonium acetate
(NH
4
CH
3
COO), pH 7.0 at room temperature.
2) Acid-reducible (Fraction 2): The residue from (1)
was continuously shaken for 3 h with 50 ml 0.25 M
hydroxyl-ammoniumchloride (NH
2
OH.HCl) acidified
to pH 2 with HCl, at room temperature.