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International Journal of Marine Science 2013, Vol.3, No.13, 105-110
http://ijms.sophiapublisher.com
105
Research Article Open Access
Concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) in the Sediments
and Milkfish (
Chanos chanos
, Forsk) at Marunda and Blanakan Ponds,
Indonesia
Noverita Dian Takarina
1
, Sharfina Tammy Aryanti
2
, Mohammad Agung Nugraha
3
1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
3. Department of Marine and Fisheries, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
Corresponding author email: takarinanoverita@hotmail.com;
Authors
International Journal of Marine Science, 2013, Vol.3, No.13 doi: 10.5376/ijms.2013.03.0013
Received: 16 Feb., 2013
Accepted: 22 Mar., 2013
Published: 28 Mar., 2013
Copyright
©
2013 Takarina et al., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article:
Takarina et al., 2013, Concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) in the Sediments and Milkfish (
Chanos chanos
, Forsk) at Marunda and
Blanakan Ponds, Indonesia, International Journal of Marine Science, Vol.3, No.13 105-110 (doi: 10.5376/ijms.2013.03.0013)
Abstract
The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are pollutants of concern due to their persistence in the marine ecosystem.
The aim of the research was to analyse concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the sediments and milkfish
(
Chanos chanos
, Forsk) at Marunda and Blanakan ponds.The PAHs fraction were analysed using GC-MS model Shimadzu
QP5000.The results revealed that PAH detected in the surface sediments of Marunda and Blanakan Ponds, were Naphthalene, Benzo
(b) fluoranthene, Benzo (k) fluoranthene, Benzo (a) pyrene and Indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrenewith the range concentrations were
27.1~63.0 ng/g and 24.0~64.9 ng/g. Total PAH concentration observed in the meat and gills of
Chanos chanos
at Marunda ponds were
13.3 ng/g and 0.4 ng/g, respectively, while in Blanakan ponds, PAH were not detected. PAHs were detected in Marunda and Blanakan
indicates input source petrogenic and pyrogenic both sediment, meat, and gills of
Chanos chanos,
Forskal.
Keywords
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs); Sediments; Milkfish (
Chanos chanos
, Forskal); Marunda; Blanakan
1 Introduction
The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are
pollutants of concern due to their persistence in the
marine ecosystem, thus it can cause long term adverse
effect to the marine life (Elias et al., 2007). These
organic contaminants are resistant to degradation, can
remain in the environment for long periods, and have
the potential to cause adverse environmental effects.
Some of them are susceptible to dispersion on a global
scale because they are semivolatile, move between the
atmosphere and the Earth's surface in repeated,
temperature-driven cycles of deposition and
volatilisation (Wania and Mackay, 1996)
.
Persistent
organic pollutants (POPs) like PAHs, are truly
multimedia contaminants which occur in all parts of
the environment: atmosphere, inland and sea waters,
remote/far away from industrial activities (Neff, 1979).
In general, PAHs are occurred in all parts of the
environment: atmosphere, water, sediments, soils and
vegetation (Wild and Jones, 1995; Wania and Mackay,
1996) not only from places close to industrial areas,
but also in remote/far away from industrial activities.
PAHs are formed through natural and anthropogenic
processes (Boehm, 2006), for example biosynthesis,
diagenesis of organic materials that produce fossil fuel,
and incomplete combustion of organic materials (Neff,
1979). According to Nikolaou et al (2009), there are
three sources of PAHs: (1) Petrogenic PAHs, including
petroleum, with its products such as crude oils, (2)
Biogenic PAHs, from biological process or early step
of diagenesis on marine sediment (i.e. perylene), (3)
Pyrogenic PAHs, from fuel combustion (petroleum and
coal) and wood.
PAHs diagenesis is produced naturally when the
organic material deposited on the sediment. PAHs
which is produced relatively faster (day up to year) at
low temperature (< 70
℃
) occur on condition with
depletion of oxygen and microorganisms involvement
such as bacteria. This process is recognized as
aromatization reaction and produce aromatic
biomarker that was found in the new sediment. The
initial diagenesis product is perylene with 5 rings PAHs.
Perylene usually found in the river sediment, pond and