International Journal of Marine Science, 2017, Vol.7, No.10, 88-95
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According to Koie (1979), Nine species have been reported of the genus
Monascus
that are:
M. filiformis
(Rudolphi, 1819) from
Cepola rubescens
Linnaeus in Italia;
M. typicus
(Odhner, 1911) from
Caranx trachurus
Linnaeus at Palermo and Trieste;
M. minor
(Odhner, 1911) from
Pleuronectes limanda
(Linnaeus) in the Sweden;
M. monenteron
(Looss, 1907) from an unknown host;
M. orientalis
(Srivastava, 1941) from
Synaptura orientalis
from Bay of Bengal;
M. netoi
from
Oligoplites saurus
from Brazil;
M. chauhani
Vasntha (Kumari, 1975) from 2
unnamed species of
Pampus
from India;
M. americanus
(Amato, 1982) from
Trachurus lathami
from Brazil; and
M. mediolongiusculus
(Ding, 1993) from
Mugil ophuyseni
Bleeker from Guangdong Province, China. In addition
to that the other species, in the Arabian Sea also belongs to this group.
Monascus filiformis
, a parasite described
by Rudolphi in 1819 as
Distoma filiformis
, was transferred to the genus
Monascus
by Looss (1907) without a
generic diagnosis.
Hafeezullah (1984) referred to a number of several taxonomy advantage, one of them the presence of one or two
caeca, ovary round or trilobed. Also Hafeezullah (1984) referred to the work of Koie (1979), who worked out the
life cycle of
M. filiformis
. Amato (1982) considered a trilobed ovary an important species characteristic that led
him to synonymize
M. typicus
of Lamothe-Argumedo (1969) and
M.filiformis
of Nasir and Gomez (1977).
The
Monascus
sp. from present study are compared with total preparations of
Monascus
spp. of Koie (1979) study,
and see deferent if the body length and results indicated that the parasites are considered as having new hosts in
p.
argenteus
and as new records in the Iraqi marine fishes.
Helicometrina nimia
(Linton, 1910) has been reported from marine fishes along the Pacific, California, to Valdivia,
southern Chile, and Atlantic to Espiritu Santo, Brazil, coasts of the Americas (Linton, 1910; Manter, 1940; Manter
and Van Cleave, 1951; Travassos et al., 1967; Inzunza et al., 1989).
Helicometrina nimia
is a digenean with wide
distribution. As well as, More than 50 fish species of fishes have been registered as hosts of
H. nimia
along the
coasts of the Americas. A few additional reports of
H. nimia
come from the Indo Pacific. However, as stated by
Cribb et al
.
(2002), these records should be reconsidered.
Helicometrina nimia
is a wide distribution (Oliva and
Munoz, 1985). Fish families most commonly used as hosts for
H. nimia
are Serranidae, Pomodasydae,
Scorpaenidae and Clinidae (Inzunza et al., 1989).
In total, 15 species have been described in the genus
Helicometrina
of those, 11 were characterized by the
presence of 9 testes (Jupta and Jahan, 1975; Perez-Ponce de Leon, 1992). Deelman (1960) considered
Helicometrina orientalis
(Srivastava, 1936), and
Helicometrina elongata
(Noble and Park, 1937) synonymous
with
H. nimia.
Oliva and Munoz (1985) stated that
Helicometrina trachinoti
(Siddiqi and Cable, 1960) must be
considered synonymous with
H. nimia.
According to Siddiqi and Cable (1960),
Helicometrina mirzai
differs from
H. nimia
in body size (less than 2.0
mmin
H. mirzai
; more than 2.0 mm in
H. nimia
) and from
H. trachinoti
(¼H.nimia) by interrupted vitellaria at the
level of the ventral sucker.
H. mirzai
mustbe considered as a new synonym of
H. nimia.
Cribb et al. (2002) stated
that some additional reports from the Indo Pacific should be reconsidered, because they are indistinguishable from
H. nimia
as noted early by Hafeezullah (1971).
Accordingly, only
H. nimia
can be reliably considered a valid species in the genus.
Helicometrina labrisomi
is
easy to distinguish from the type species by a combination of characters that includes an oval, entire, and smooth
ovary, never lobed in
H. labrisomi
, instead of the lobed ovary that is characteristic of
H. nimia
, a uterus with 2 to
3 loops in the new species and 5 to 6 in
H. nimia,
and a pharynx that is wider than it is long in the new species
instead of longer than wide in
H. nimia
, as well the position of the genital pore, which is pre-bifurcal or at the
intestinal bifurcation in
H. labrisomi
but never post-bifurcal.
Cribb et al
.
(2002) suggested that Opecoelids (including
Helicometrina
) are common parasites of Epinephelinae
(Serranidae). A review of hosts of
H. nimia
from the coast of the Americasalso suggested that serranids, as well as
the related
lutjanids, arecommon
hosts for this parasite; however, some fish host records,such as those from
Bothidae, Blennidae, Gobiesocidae, and Labrisomidae (Inzunza et al., 1989; Perez-Ponce de Leon, 1992; Munoz
