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International Journal of Horticulture. 2015, Vol. 5, No. 2, 1-8
http://ijh.biopublisher.ca
1
Research Article Open Access
Effect of Integrated Weed Management Practices on Plant Height, Number of
Tillers in Turmeric During
kharif
Season
E. Sathiyavani , N. K. Prabhakaran
Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tamil Nadu, India.
Corresponding author email: sathiyavani.priyanga@gmail.com
International Journal of Horticulture, 2015, Vol.5, No.2 doi: 10.5376/ijh.2015.05.0002
Received: 23 Jan., 2015
Accepted: 05 Feb., 2015
Published: 06 Feb., 2015
© 2015 Sathiyavani and Prabhakaran, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article:
Sathiyavani and Prabhakaran, 2015, Effect of Integrated Weed Management Practices on Plant Height, Number of Tillers in Turmeric During
kharif
Season,
International Journal of Horticulture, Vol.5, No.2, 1-8
(doi:
10.5376/ijh.2015.05.0002
)
Abstract
Field experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar of Tamil Nadu Agricultural
University, during
kharif
season of 2012 to evaluate the integrated weed management with pre and post emergence herbicides in
turmeric. The experiments were laid out in Randomized block design and replicated thrice. The treatments comprised of different
weed management practices wherein PE herbicides viz., metribuzin 0.7 kg·ha
-1
, pendimethalin 1.0 kg·ha
-1
and atrazine 0.75 kg·ha
-1
followed by either POE fenoxaprop 67 g·ha
-1
+ metsulfuron 4 g·ha
-1
(Tank mix) on 45 DAP or HW on 45 and 75 DAP or straw
mulch 10 t·ha
-1
on 10 DAP + HW on 75 DAP, all PE oxyfluorfen 0.30 kg·ha
-1
, PE oxadiargyl 0.25 kg·ha
-1
, POE glyphosate 1.03
kg·ha
-1
and 1.54 kg·ha
-1
on 25 DAP followed by HW on 45 and 75 DAP, HW on25, 45 and 75 DAP and unweeded check were
imposed. In both the experiments, observations were recorded on plant growth parameters like plant height and plant dry matter
production and number of tillers were recorded in kharif season 2012. In the experimental fields,
Echinochloa colonum
and
Digitaria
bicornis
among grasses,
Cyperus rotundus
in sedge,
Eclipta prostrata
and
Boerhaavia diffusa
under broad leaved weed were the
predominant weeds. The grasses constituted the major proportion of the weed flora at all the growth stages of the crop. Slight to
moderate phytotoxicity symptoms in turmeric were observed in glyphosate 1.03 and 1.54 kg·ha
-1
at the time of application of
herbicides, however the crop recovered later. Among the weed management treatments imposed, PE metribuzin 0.7 kg·ha
-1
+ HW on
45 and 75 DAP registered higher uptake of nutrient by crop due to effective control of weeds which enhanced the availability of
nutrients to crop leading to positive results in respective of growth parameters like plant height, dry matter production and number of
tillers plant
-
1, during 2012.
Keywords
Turmeric; Integrated weed management; Plant height; Dry matter production and Number of Tillers
Background
Turmeric (
Curcuma longa
L.), a herbaceous perennial
plant, belonging to the family Zinziberaceae under the
order Scitaminae is one of the most valuable spices all
over the world. It is also called as “Indian saffron”.
Turmeric (
Curcuma longa
L.) is one of the second
most important spice crops after chilli. India accounts
for 78 per cent in world production and 60 per cent in
world export share (Angles et al., 2011). Among the
several spices, turmeric ranks second in foreign
exchange earnings, being next only to chilli. The
turmeric is native of South-East Asia, cultivated
extensively in India, Myanmar, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sri
Lanka, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Taiwan and China. The
major states in India which grow turmeric are Andhra
Pradesh, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Assam, Maharashtra and
Karnataka. Andhra Pradesh alone occupies 35 per cent
of area and 47 per cent of production. In Tamil Nadu,
it is grown in the districts of Erode, Coimbatore,
Dharmapuri and Salem. Erode district alone
contributes more than 10 per cent of the national
production (Kandiannan and Chandaragiri, 2004).
Nearly six per cent of the total area under spices and
condiments is being occupied by turmeric in India.
The area under turmeric in the country is around
218.65 million hectares and the production is 1166.84
million tonnes. In Tamil Nadu, turmeric is cultivated
in an area of 60.23 lakh hectares with an annual
production of 326.14 million tonnes. The productivity
of the crop is 5.42 t
·
ha
-1
(Anon., 2013). Indian
turmeric is regarded as the best in the world market
because of its high curcumin content. During the