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International Journal of Horticulture 2014, Vol.4, No.15, 1
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4
http://ijh.biopublisher.ca
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Research Report Open Access
Multiplication rate of selected potato cultivars in vitro through single node culture
Jane Muthoni , Christine Muchira, J. N. Kabira
Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI). National Potato Research Centre, Tigoni, Kenya
Corresponding author email
International Journal of Horticulture, 2014, Vol.4, No.15 doi: 10.5376/ijh.2014.04.0015
Received: 01 Aug., 2014
Accepted: 17 Sep, 2014
Published: 30 Oct., 2014
Copyright
© 2014 Muthoni et al., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article
:
Muthoni et al., 2014, Multiplication rate of selected potato cultivars in vitro through single node culture, International Journal of Horticulture, 2014, Vol.4, No.15
1-4 (doi
Abstract
A study was carried out in the tissue culture laboratory at the National Potato Research Centre (NPRC), Tigoni, Kenya to
determine the multiplication rate of selected potato cultivars when micropropagated through single node culture. Seven potato
cultivars were subcultured on solid media for three consecutive cycles (each cycle took three weeks). This was repeated twice. Data
collected was the number of single-node cuttings that were generated from each node after subculturing. Generally, there were
significant differences (P≤0.05) on the number of single node cuttings generated among the potato cultivars, among the subculture
cycles and in the interaction between genotypes and subculture cycle.
Keywords
Micropropagation; Potatoes; Single-node; Subculture
Introduction
The main applications of
in vitro
plant tissue culture in
crop production are in plant sanitation and
micropropagation. For plant sanitation, meristem tip
culture is the most commonly used for virus
elimination in crop plants (Ng et al., 1992; Naik and
Karihaloo, 2007; Badoni and Chauhan, 2010). Usually,
meristem tips, about 0.5-1 mm long and consisting of
the meristematic dome and two leaf primordial, are
excised from surface-disinfected apical or axillary
buds and allowed to grow into plantlets on artificial
nutrient media under controlled conditions. Generally,
the percentage of virus-free plants obtained is
inversely proportional to the size of the tips cultured.
This technique is used for elimination of viruses in the
planting materials as many viruses are unable to infect
the apical/axillary meristems of a growing plant and a
virus-free plant can therefore be produced if a small
piece of meristematic tissue is propagated (Wang and
Hu, 1980; Kassanis, 1957). Elimination of viruses
through tissue culture is possible because the vascular
system through which viruses are spread is not well
developed in the meristematic region. The high
chromosome multiplication (due to high cell division)
and high auxin content in the meristematic tissue
possibly inhibit virus multiplication through
interference with viral nucleic acid metabolism. Also,
there exists virus inactivating system with greater
activity in the apical region than elsewhere (Kassanis,
1957; Wang and Hu, 1980).
Micropropagation through tissue culture has played a
major role in mass production of propagating material
(Murashige, 1974). Micropropagation can be divided
into three stages: 1) establishment of an aseptic
in
vitro
culture and development of an explant by cell
division, 2) a series of subcultures to achieve rapid
multiplication of the propagules and, 3) rooting of
established plantlets and their hardening to impart
some tolerance to moisture stress and pathogens
(Waithaka, 1992). Multiplication of propagules may
be through somatic embryogenesis, adventitious
organogenesis or axillary shoot development. While
adventitious organogenesis may result in faster
multiplication of the propagules, the occurrence of
genetically aberrant plant is common. Axillary shoot
multiplication may be slow but genetically aberrant
propagules are rare (Waithaka, 1988). Therefore,
production of plants from axillary shoots is the most
applicable and reliable method of
in vitro
propagation
(Ng, et al., 1992). With axillary shoots, the two
methods which are usually used are shoot tip culture
and single node culture. The shoot tip is usually taken
from the tender tip of the growing shoot (about 2 cm
long), while the single node cuttings are from either
terminal or axillary buds with the stem segment
attached. These two types of explants are preferred
over meristem-tip culture in micropropagation when
virus elimination is not part of the objective.
Micropropagation allows large scale asexual