基本HTML版本
International Journal of Horticulture 2014, Vol.4, No.14, 1
-
10
http://ijh.biopublisher.ca
10
showed that irrigation regimes imposed (fortnight and
weekly) produced differences in water use and fruit
yields of dry season pepper. Irrigation regimes
imposed (fortnight and weekly) substantially enhanced
water use and fruit yields of dry season pepper grown
in an inland valley swamp/floodplain in a humid
tropical environment. These results suggest that
alleviating soil and air moisture and heat stresses in
the early to mid-season and during the flowering and
fruit filling periods via application of irrigation has the
potential to maintain pepper fruit yields. The trends in
soil water balance indicated that reduced irrigation
was accompanied by over 20 % water savings and did
not result in significant fruit yield reductions in pepper.
Differences were obtained in pepper fruit yields
between the December and January sowings
(experiments 1 and 2) across the irrigation treatments.
Total fruit yield was higher in December (8.8 t ha
-1
)
over January (8.5 t ha
-1
) sowing. In both experiments,
fruit yields were lower under fortnight irrigation
(averaging 8.1 t ha
-1
) compared to weekly (averaging
9 t ha
-1
) interval. Weekly irrigation offered the best
compromise in terms of fruit yields and water
productivity in the circumstance of declining water
table depths and high climatic demand of the dry
season in the site of study. Application of water to
crop root zone via the use of irrigation improved soil
moisture storage, evapotranspiration, growth, fruit
yield and water productivity of pepper. Establishing
the optimal irrigation scheduling is important in the
development of water-saving management practices
for sustainable agriculture in the wake of the
hydrothermal (extreme heat and water deficits) stress
envisage for the future.
Acknowledgement
The authors gratefully acknowledge the Senate of the
Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria, for the
opportunity of a University Senate Research Grant Number
URGC/MAJOR/2007/179.
References
Agele S.O., 1999. Performance of tomato (
Lycopersicum esculentum,
Mill)
as affected
by some soil/crop management practices in the late
season period in a humid zone of Nigeria. PhD Thesis. Federal
University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. 352pp
Agele S.O, Olufayo A., Iremiren G.O., 2002. Effects of season of sowing on
water use and yield of tomato in the humid south of Nigeria. African
Crop Science Journal, 10 (3): 231-237
Agele S.O, Iremiren G.O., Ojeniyi S.O., 2011. Evapotranspiration, wáter
use efficiency and yield of rainfed and irrigated tomato in the dry
seaosn in a humid rainforest zone of Nigeria. International Journal of
Biology & Agricultural Sciences, 13: 469-476
Ayars J.E., Christen E.W., Soppe R.W.O., Meyer W.S. , 2006. Resource
potential of shallow groundwater for crop water use - A review.
Irrigation Science 24: 147-160
Benz L.C., Docring E.J., Reeihaman G.A., 1984. Water table contributions
to Alfafa evapotranspiartion and yield in sandy soil. Trans. ASAE. 27
:
1307-1312
Chabot R., Bouarfa J., Zimmer D., Chammont C., Duprez C., 2002. Sugar
cane transpiration with shallow water table: measurements and
modeling. Agricultulral Water Management, 54: 17-36
Chen X., Hu Q., 2004 Groundwater influences on soil moisture and surface
evaporation. Journal of Hydrolology, 297: 285-300
Fan Y, Miguez-Macho G, Weaver C P, Walko R, Robock A. 2007
Incorporating water table dynamics in climate modeling: 1. Water table
observations and equilibrium water table 30 simulations, Journal of
Geophysical Research, 112: D10125
Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO), 2005. The state of food
insecurity in the World, Rome, 63 pp
Hurst C.A., Thorburn P.J., Lockington D., Bristow K.L., 2004. Sugarcane
water use from shallow water tables: implications for improving
irrigation water use efficiency Agricultural Water Management, 65:
1-19
International Water management Institute (IWMI) 2002. Annual Reports,
IWMI Thailand. 135pp
McFadyen L, Grieve AM. 2012
Agric Water Manage. 111, 20-26
Nigerian National Fadama Development Project, 2000. Progress Reports
In:
Perspectives, West African Inland Valley Development Consortium,
Abuja,76pp
Ogwu L., Babalola A., 2002. Effects of seedbed type and mulching on the
performance of early season yam grown in inland valley bottom in
south western Nigeria. Agricultural Water Management, 54: 25-34
Patel K.R., Joshi R.S., 1986. Response of sugarcane to different levels of
irrigation under high water table conditions. Madras Agricultural
Journal, 72: 577-581
Pitts D.J., Tsai Y.J., Myhre D.L., Anderson D.L., Shih S.F., 1993. Influence
of water table on sugar cane grown in sandy soil in Florida. Trans
ASAE, 36(3): 777-782
Sepaskhah A.R.., Kanooni A., Ghasemi M.M., 2003. Estimating water table
contributions to corn and sorghum water use. Agricultural Water
Management, 58(1): 67-79
Sezen A.M., Yazar, A. and Eker, S., 2006. Effect of irrigation regimes on
yield and quality of field grown bell pepper. Agricultural Water
Management, 81(1-2):115-131
Talsma T., 1963. The control of saline groundwater. Meded
Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen, 63: 1-68
Thorburn P.J., 1997. Land management impacts on evaporation from
shallow saline water tables. In: Taniguchi, M. (Ed.), Subsurface
Hydrological Responses to Land Cover and Land Use Changes.
Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, pp. 6-71
USDA Soil Taxonomy 1999. Soil Taxonomy : A basic system of soil
classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2
nd
edition. U. S
Department for Agriculture Hand Book. 436pp.
Yeh P.J.F., Eltahir E.A.B., 2005. Representation of water table dynamics in
a land surface scheme, Part I: Model development. Journal of
Climatology, 18: 1861-1880