International Journal of Aquaculture, 2018, Vol.8, No.7, 43-52
43
Research Article Open Access
Opportunities of Adopting and Significance of Freshwater Fish Powder Based
Biscuit: A Review
Bereket Abraha
1, 2
, Wenshui Xia
1
, Yang Fang
1
1 State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
2 Department of Marine Biotechnology, Massawa College of Marine Science and Technology, Massawa, Eritrea
Corresponding author Email
International Journal of Aquaculture, 2018, Vol.8, No.7 doi
Received: 27 Feb., 2018
Accepted: 20 Mar., 2018
Published: 23 Mar., 2018
Copyright © 2018
Abraha et al., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article
:
Abraha B., Xia W.S., and Fang Y., 2018, Opportunities of adopting and significance of freshwater fish powder based biscuit: a review, International Journal of
Aquaculture, 8(7): 43-52 (doi
Abstract
Fish has been widely used as an excellent source of animal protein and other nutrients. It functions to prevent human
beings from variety of diseases all over the world. Sturgeon is one of the world's known freshwater fish have a high nutritional value
which provide high quality protein, are rich in essential amino acid and good source of vitamins and minerals. Based on the
nutritional value, freshwater fish are the best source and replacement of wheat flour based biscuits. Malnutrition is the biggest burden
nowadays all over the world particularly in developing countries. Consumers getting complementary biscuits from cereals and crops
are especially vulnerable to malnutrition because these biscuits are characterized by poor-protein quality, as well as inadequate
micronutrient content like vitamins. Even though consumers are getting biscuits from cereals, however, these types of biscuits have
low protein content of essential amino acids like lysine and other micronutrients compared to biscuits enriched with fish protein
powder. Biscuit is one type of bakery products, which is widely consumed by young people because of its availability easy to eat
convenience. Biscuit supplemented with fish powder could provide biscuit with high nutritional value, solve malnutrition and will
increase the usage of freshwater fish at large.
Keywords
Role of fish biscuit; Nutritive value; Sensory quality; Consumers
Background
Fish is a high-protein, low calorie sea food and an important source of omega-3, omega-6 fatty acids, vitamins and
minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus. Freshwater fish products have attracted considerable attention as an
important source of nutritional human diet (Kaya and Kocatepe, 2014). Apart from their delicacy, freshwater fish
consist of amino acids, peptides, proteins and other important nutrients (Gunalan et al., 2013). Kaya and Kocatepe
(2014) also reported lysine and leucine are major essential amino acids in fresh water fish (such as
S. porcus
).
Freshwater fish, such as Sturgeon, due to its extreme good source of protein, calcium and various extractable
compounds and minerals and medium in fat and calories, make it a healthy food choice for consumers (Cataric,
2004). In addition, freshwater fish flesh consists of highly unsaturated fatty acids (FAs), such as eicosapentaenoic
(C20: 5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic (C22: 6n-3, DHA) acids, which are essential in the human diet which can
help in brain development and eye vision specially in children (Pourshamsian et al., 2012). The inorganic
elements available in fish body can support great role in the physiological functions. Since these micronutrients
are essential, their absence in the diet may lead to deficiency of several diseases (Kaya and Kocatepe, 2014). The
minerals, such as copper, zinc, manganese, iron and chromium, found in fish at acceptable level are very
significant for human health and have useful biological function (Palmeira et al., 2014). Having such chemical
compositions sturgeon fish were not fully utilized other than the aforementioned advantages. Taken this
inconsideration such types of freshwater fish are the best source and replacement of wheat flour based biscuits.
Bakery products are the most consumable type of food particularly by young consumers such as children. The
most preferable and highly consumed is biscuit. The availability, convenience to eat and long shelf life are some
of the characteristics which makes to consume widely and popular (Mahmoud et al., 2017). Nowadays the big
problem in the world is malnutrition. Consumers getting complementary foods from cereals and crops are
especially vulnerable to malnutrition because these foods are characterized by poor-protein quality, low energy
