International Journal of Aquaculture, 2018, Vol.8, No.19, 145-150
145
Research Report Open Access
Determination of Levels of Phosphate, Ammonia and Chlorine from Indoor and
Outdoor Nano Tank System
Lim L.H.
1, 2
, Regina L.Z.L.
1, 2
, Soh Y.T.
2
, Teo S.S.
1, 2
1 Aquatic Science Student Association, Department of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No.1 Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000 Cheras, Kuala
Lumpur, W. P. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2 Department of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No.1 Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, W. P. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Corresponding author Email
International Journal of Aquaculture, 2018, Vol.8, No.19 doi
Received: 15 Jun., 2018
Accepted: 17 Jul., 2018
Published: 27 Jul., 2018
Copyright © 2018
Lim et al., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article
:
Lim L.H., Regina L.Z.L., Soh Y.T., and Teo S.S., 2018, Determination of levels of phosphate, ammonia and chlorine from indoor and outdoor nano tank system,
International Journal of Aquaculture, 8(19): 145-150 (doi
Abstract
Fresh water, as well as river water quality and pollution control has worsened year after year due to rapid development
that produce large amounts of waste which inevitably end up in the water bodies. Presence of ions such as phosphates, ammonia and
chlorine in the water body determine the survivability of organisms and water quality in the aquatic ecosystem. Excessive or less ions
will affect the balance of the ecosystem involved. For example phosphate stimulates the production of aquatic plants and
phytoplankton as the food sources for other organisms. Excess present in the water body will cause eutrophication that caused algae
bloom which will block sunlight from penetrating into the water body and also reduce the amount of dissolved oxygen. Another
example, ammonia is enriching source of nutrient for fertilizer necessary in increasing yield of crops. However, excessive amount
would lead to eutrophication. Even in low concentration, ammonia is toxic to aquatic organisms which can pose threat to the aquatic
populations. Hence, the main objective of this study is to determine the levels of ions such as phosphate, ammonia and chlorine in
different water bodies using colorimetric analysis. This will provide data on the health of the water bodies that can be used to sustain
the larger ecosystem health and human population involved.
Keywords
Phosphate; Ammonia; Chlorine; Aquaponic
Background
Fresh water quality and pollution control has worsened year after year due to rapid development in Malaysia.
Large amounts of waste were produced, which includes industrial, commercial, domestic, and transportation
waste which inevitably end up in the water bodies has led to higher rate of water pollution in Malaysia. These
pollutants were mostly contributed by untreated or partially treated sewage from the manufacturing or agriculture
industries, and generally came from the sources, including livestock farming, earthworks and land clearing
activities, domestic sewage and other liquid organic waste products. Surrounding ecosystems and the ecological
health of water bodies could be degraded as the level of pollution increases. Therefore, several water quality
monitoring or prediction programs (artificial neural networks, ANNS) and sustainable use of water were actively
launched and promoted (Huang et al., 2015).
The Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) were started in South Dakota with US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to monitor the surface water condition in waded perennial streams in
2000-2004. The objectives of EMAP were to develop monitoring tools in producing unbiased estimate of
ecological status and trend of surface water across large geographic areas and to demonstrate effectiveness of the
developed tools in a large scale assessment. Monitoring tools used were bio-indicators, stream survey design and
estimation of reference condition. USEPA also provided a complete set of core ecological indicators that can be
used to measure at each assessment stream sites. The ecological indicators included physical habitat, instream
characteristics, aquatic vertebrate assemblages, periphyton assemblages, benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages,
field properties, water chemistry and fish tissue contaminants.
The quality of a certain water system is usually assessed by measuring concentration of targeted pollutants
presence inside the water system. In view of this, the sources of pollutants can be identified and the way to reduce
