International Journal of Aquaculture, 2017, Vol.7, No.3, 15
-
22
15
Research Article Open Access
Efficiency of Indigenous
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
as Biocontrol Agent against
Vibrio
Infection in Shrimp (
Penaeus monodon
) Culture
Ariole C.N.
, Anyanwu N.G.
Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Corresponding author Email
International Journal of Aquaculture, 2017, Vol.7, No. 3 doi
Received: 29 Dec., 2016
Accepted: 23 Jan., 2017
Published: 6 Feb., 2017
Copyright © 2017
Ariole and Anyanwu, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article
:
Ariole C.N., and Anyanwu N.G., 2017, Efficiency of indigenous
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
as biocontrol agent against
Vibrio
infection in shrimp (
Penaeus
monodon
) culture, International Journal of Aquaculture, 7(3): 15-22 (doi
Abstract
The efficacy of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
as a biocontrol agent against
Vibrio mimicus
infection in shrimp (
Penaeus
monodon
) culture was evaluated. The antagonistic
Pseudomonas
sp. Ps2 and
Vibrio
sp. V1 were previously isolated from healthy and
moribund shrimp intestines respectively. The two strains were identified using molecular method. Four-day acute pathogenicity tests
were carried out on shrimp (
Penaeus monodon
) postlarvae using different concentrations of the strains. Histopathological
examination of the hepatopancreas of the postlarvae was carried out after each pathogenicity test. Probiotic trial of the antagonistic
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
on culture of shrimp (
Penaeus monodon
) challenged with pathogenic
Vibrio mimicus
by immersion was
carried out for 12 days. Water quality parameters (pH, temperature, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, salinity and dissolved oxygen) were
determined during shrimp culture. Molecular analysis conducted on
Pseudomonas
sp. Ps2 and
Vibrio
sp. V1 revealed that they are
closely related to
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
strain XyC5 and
Vibrio
mimicus
strain XQ respectively. The use of
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
had no pathogenicity effect on shrimp since no shrimp mortality was recorded. The LC
50
of
Vibrio
mimicus
was
calculated to be 3.2 x 10
4
cfu/ml.
Vibrio mimicus
addition resulted in 54% mortality and unhealthy hepatopancreas. No addition of
bacteria resulted in 22% mortality and healthy hepatopancreas while
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
plus
Vibrio mimicus
addition resulted
in zero mortality and healthy hepatopancreas. The water quality parameters were within the optimum ranges throughout the culture
period. The results suggest that the indigenous antagonistic
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
strain XyC5 could be beneficial as biological
control agent for management of vibriosis in shrimp aquaculture.
Keywords
Probiotic;
Vibrio
infection; Shrimp; Hepatopancreas; Water quality
Introduction
Aquaculture has become an economic activity of great importance as a result of overfishing of wild populations
and ecological degradation (Ariole and Eddo, 2015). Shrimp farming is an aquaculture business which occurs in
either a marine or freshwater environment in order to produce shrimps or prawns to satisfy consumer demand
which ordinary wild fishing alone could not meet. Many wild penaeid and non-penaeid shrimp species such as
white shrimp (
Litopenaeus vannamei
), brown shrimp (
Macrobrachium rosenbergii
), fairy shrimp (
Branchinella
thailandensis
), tiger shrimp
(Penaeus monodon
) and
Streptocephalus sirindhornae
have been cultivated in
aquaculture (Farzanfar, 2006;
Suantika et al., 2013). Shrimp farming can generate quick gains and meet loan
conditions for farmers (Alvandi et al
.,
2004).
Vibriosis syndrome is one main problem of shrimp culture. Shrimp exposure to
Vibrio
sp. can be through different
routes, such as injury, feed, gills, and mouth, where the bacteria cross the shrimp epithelium and colonize the host
tissues (Martin et al., 2004). Vibrios cause several diseases which results in high mortality of cultured shrimp
(Bondad-Reantaso et al., 2005). The application of effective probiotics in aquaculture is an excellent alternative
for antibiotics in disease management due to antibiotic resistance and its epidemiological effects (Sahul Hameed
et al., 2003). It is, therefore, imperative to develop microbial control strategies that will be eco-friendly and
sustainable in aquaculture.
