International Journal of Aquaculture, 2016, Vol.6, No.21, 1
-
9
1
Research Article Open Access
Dietary ‘G-Pro’ Supplementation Effects on Growth, Carcass Composition and
Digestive Enzymes in Common Carp,
Cyprinus carpio
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Manoj Kumar B.
1
, Keshavanath P.
2
1
School of Fisheries Resource Management and Harvest Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad-682 506, India
2 College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Mangalore-575 002, India
Corresponding author Email
International Journal of Aquaculture, 2016, Vol. 6, No.21 doi
Received: 19 Oct., 2016
Accepted: 16 Nov., 2016
Published: 2 Dec., 2016
Copyright © 2016
Manoj and Keshavanath, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article
:
Manoj K.B., and Keshavanath P., 2016, Dietary ‘G-Pro’ supplementation effects on growth, carcass composition and digestive enzymes in common carp,
Cyprinus carpio
(Linnaeus, 1758), International Journal of Aquaculture, 6(21): 1-9 (doi
Abstract
The effect of a commercial feed additive ‘G-Pro’ was evaluated on growth, body composition and digestive enzyme
activity of common carp,
Cyprinus carpio
. Fry of average weight 0.8±0.03 g stocked in 25 m
3
outdoor cement tanks were fed daily
on five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets containing 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g G-Pro/kg diet respectively in triplicate for 140 days at 5%
body weight in two equal meals. Fish fed on the feed additive incorporated diets showed improved growth performance, feed
utilization and body composition compared to those fed the control diet. Growth, survival, food conversion, VSI, RNA: DNA ratio,
carcass protein and fat were the best in fish fed 2 g G-Pro/kg diet. The water quality parameters monitored were within acceptable
limits for carp culture. Results of this trial indicate that G-Pro exerts positive effect on the performance of common carp.
Keywords
G-Pro;
Cyprinus carpio
; Growth; Survival; Carcass composition
1 Introduction
The focus in aquaculture diet development is largely on cost-effectiveness, since feed cost typically account for
between 40 and 60% of the production cost in semi-intensive and intensive aquaculture systems (De Silva and
Hasan, 2007). The two dietary options available for reducing production cost are the use of cheaper diets or diets
that hasten growth, thereby reducing the period of culture. Feed additives that promote faster growth fall under the
latter category. In aquaculture, the most utilized growth-promoting agents include probiotics, prebiotics, hormones,
antibiotics, ionospheres and some salts (Faramarzi et al., 2011)
.
Use of natural materials or plant-based growth
promoters as feed additives to enhance feed utilization efficiency and productive performance is acceptable as
potential alternatives to antibiotics in diets, because of the increased public awareness and ban on the use of
antibiotics as growth promoters in aquaculture diets. Probiotics is a new concept in aquaculture (Li and Gatlin III,
2004) where the addition of microorganisms in diets has a positive effect on growth caused by the best use of
carbohydrates, protein, and energy. Probiotics stimulate appetite and improve nutrition by the production of
vitamins, detoxification of compounds in the diet, and by breakdown of indigestible components (Irianto and
Austin, 2002). A number of commercially available probiotic feed additives have been shown to improve feed
utilization and growth performance in fish and shellfish (Wang et al., 2005; Pooramini et al., 2009; Tewary and
Patra, 2011; Seenivasan et al., 2012; Hossain et al., 2013; Saini et al., 2014, Mona et al., 2015; Gumus et al., 2016;
Mohammadi et al., 2016).
The use of probiotics in fish farming has increased considerably as they have received greater attention in recent
years (Li and Gatlin III, 2003; Yanbo and Zirong, 2006; El-Dakar et al., 2007; Abdel-Tawwab, 2012; Khalil et al.,
2012; Heidarieh et al., 2013; Munir et al., 2016). Probiotics improve feed conversion efficiency and live weight
gains (Saenz de Rodriguez et al., 2009). They may serve to keep the host intestinal microbial balance and improve
growth performance of the respective culture species (Ezema, 2013). The benefits of yeast and bacterial probiotics
upon the gastrointestinal microbial ecosystem in monogastric animals were reported by Chaucheyras-Durand and
Durand (2010). Probiotics in aquaculture have several modes of action: competitive exclusion of pathogenic
