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International Journal of Aquaculture, 2014, Vol.4, No.04
http://ija.sophiapublisher.com
27
Figure 6A & B White gut disease in
L. vannamei
The occurrence of five types of diseases: tail necrosis,
shell disease, red disease, loose shell syndrome (LSS)
and white gut disease (WGD) is by
Vibrio
spp. in
P.
monodon
from culture ponds of coastal Andhra
Pradesh (Jayasree et al., 2006). Among these, LSS,
WGD, and red disease caused mass mortalities in
shrimp culture ponds. Six species of
Vibrio—V.
harveyi
,
V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, V.
anguillarum
,
V. vulnificus
and
V. splendidus
—are
associated with the diseased shrimp. The distribution
and species composition of luminous bacteria in
commercial penaeid shrimp hatcheries were studied
by Jawahar Abraham and Palaniappan (2004). The
observation on the presence of
V. harveyi
(97.30%)
and
V. orientalis
(2.70%) in shrimp gut contents
evinced that the primary source of these bacteria in a
shrimp hatchery was the faecal matter from brood
stock, possibly at the time of spawning. Mortalities
due to vibriosis occur when shrimps are stressed by
factors such as: poor water quality, crowding, high
water temperature, low DO and low water exchange
(Lewis, 1973; Lightner and Lewis, 1975; Brock and
Lightner, 1990).
2.5 Muscle cramp syndrome (MCS
)
In the present study muscle cramp disease observed in
L. vannamei
shrimp farms of Tamilnadu and
Andrapradesh. The temperature fluctuations affect the
muscle of the shrimps. Muscle cramp disease is very
common in grow out ponds (Figure 7).
Figure 7 Muscle cramp syndrome
Figure 8 Mass mortality in the check tray due to dissolved
oxygen depletion
It is attributed that less amount of dissolved oxygen
leads to mass mortality in ponds (Figure 8).This is
very common in high stocking ponds. Once dissolved
O
2
level was reduced leading to create stress among
the shrimps, finally they will die especially inside and
sides of the culture ponds.
The six diseases mentioned above are serious
problems for raising white leg shrimp in intensive
culture systems. The farmers should have basic
knowledge about these diseases and their prevention.
If the farmers stock health disease free seed and
maintain good water quality and provide nutritious
feed to get higher survival.
References
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