Page 4 - IJA2014v4n04

International Journal of Aquaculture, 2014, Vol.4, No.04
http://ija.sophiapublisher.com
24
Research Report Open Access
Disease Occurrence in Litopenaeus vannamei Shrimp Culture Systems in
Different Geographical Regions of India
Gunalan B.1, , Soundarapandian P. 1, Anand T.2 , Kotiya Anil S. 3, Nina Tabitha Simon1
1. Center of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamilnadu, India
2. Institute of Fisheries Technology,Taminlnadu Fisheries University, Nagapattinam, Tamilnadu, India
3. Fisheries Research Station, J.A.U. Okha, Gujarat, India
Corresponding author email: aquagunal@gmail.com;
International Journal of Aquaculture, 2014, Vol.4, No.04 doi: 10.5376/ija.2014.04.0004
Received: 04 Dec., 2013
Accepted: 05 Jan., 2014
Published: 10 Feb., 2014
Copyright © 2014 Gunalan et al., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article:
Gunalan et al., 2014, Disease Occurrence in Litopenaeus vannamei Shrimp Culture Systems in Different Geographical Regions of India, International Journal of
Aquaculture, Vol.4, No.04: 24-28 (doi: 10.5376/ija.2014.04.0004)
Abstract The knowledge about disease is very much essential to keep the animal in disease free environment. In the present study
six diseases were reported in the culture ponds of L. vannamei including Black gill disease - Andrapradesh, IHHNV - Andrapradesh
and Orissa, WMD -Tamilnadu and Andrapradesh, White gut disease - Tamilnadu and Andrapradesh, Muscle cramp disease -
Tamilnadu and Andrapradesh. The symptoms of each disease and their possible cure were also described in details. The outbreak of
disease in shrimp culture definitely affects the profit in farmer’s point of view and deteriorating the flesh quality in consumer’s point
of view. Many diseases are already reported in P. monodon in India. However no such diseases are reported in L. vannamei in India.
So study on diseases is very important to create awareness among farmers to prevent the diseases. Prevention is better than cure. It’s
very important, the farmers should stock healthy disease free seeds, optimum stocking density and maintain good water quality and
provide nutritious feed to get higher survival and growth.
Keywords Litopenaeus vannamei; Black gill disease; White gut disease; IHHNV; Muscle cramp syndrome; White muscle disease;
White leg shrimp disease; Shrimp culture
Introduction
Shrimp farming is a multi-billion dollar industry
contributing a major income to several countries in
Asia and South America. The rapid growth of shrimp
farming led to an economic boom but, unfortunately,
the outbreak of viral diseases has increased the
economic risks and slowed the industry development
(Flegel, 2006). The most important diseases of
cultured penaeid shrimp, in terms of economic impact,
in Asia, the Indo-Pacific, and the Americas have
infectious etiologies. Among the infectious diseases of
cultured shrimp, certain virus-caused diseases stand
out as the most significant. The pandemics due to the
penaeid viruses WSSV (White spot) and TSV (Taura
Syndrome), and to a lesser extent to IHHNV
(Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis
virus) and YHV (Yellow Head), have cost the penaeid
shrimp industry billions of dollars in lost crops, jobs
and export revenue. The social and economic impacts
of the pandemics caused by these pathogens have been
profound in countries in which shrimp farming
constitutes a significant industry. In the present study
some of the common disease in L. vannamei was
recorded all along the state of Andrapradesh, Orissa
and Tamilnadu and described in detail.
1 Material and Methods
During the study period (Jan 2011 to July 2012)
diseased L. vannamei were collected from different
shrimp farms located in the state of Andrapradesh,
Orissa and Tamilnadu. Whole shrimps were
immediately immersed in 95% ethanol in plastic
containers. Samples were maintained at 4 ℃ until
processing.
2 Results and Discussion
2.1 Black gill disease
In the present study black gill disease observed at
shrimp farms in Andrapradesh. The black gills disease
is very common in penaeid shrimps. It often occurs
when there is too much plankton in the water or too
much mud on the pond bottom. It is especially a
problem in ponds with high population density (over
60 shrimp/m2), not enough aeration or when the water
is not changed frequently enough or irregular probiotic