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International Journal of Aquaculture, 2013, Vol.3, No.24, 138
-
146
http://ija.sophiapublisher.com
138
Research Article Open Access
Genetic Diversity of
Cyprinus carpio
var.
communis
,
Cyprinus carpio
var.
specularis
and
Carassius carassius
by DNA Based Markers
Asifa Wali
1
, Syed Mudasir Ahmad
2
, Masood-ul Hassan Balkhi
1
, Farooz Ahmad Bhat
1
, Bilal Ahmad Bhat
1
, Mohd Maqbool
Darzi
3
1 Faculty of fisheries Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, Shuhama Srinagar -19006, India
2 Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama. Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and
Technology, Kashmir, Shuhama Srinagar -19006, India
3 Division of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama. Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology,
Kashmir, Shuhama Srinagar -19006, India
Corresponding author email: mudasirbio@gmail.com;
Authors
International Journal of Aquaculture, 2013, Vol.3, No.24 doi: 10.5376/ija.2013.03.0024
Received: 29 Jul., 2013
Accepted: 22 Aug., 2013
Published: 23 Sep., 2013
Copyright © 2013
Wali et al., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article
:
Wali et al., 2013, Genetic Diversity of
Cyprinus carpio
var.
communis
,
Cyprinus carpio
var.
specularis
and
Carassius carassius
by DNA Based Markers,
International Journal of Aquaculture, Vol.3, No.24 138-146 (doi: 10.5376/ija.2013. 03.0024)
Abstract
To study genetic relationship of
Cyprinus carpio
var.
communis
,
Cyprinus carpio
var.
specularis
and
Carassius carassius
collected from different locations of Kashmir, India, two molecular approaches viz. PCR-RFLP of Cyt b gene and random amplified
polymorphic DNA (RAPD) were used. Twenty five samples for each of the species collected from different locations of Kashmir,
India were used for this study. Of the 12 random primers used 8 generated the polymorphism, while as four out of 7 restriction
enzymes used gave polymorphic restriction patterns. The average proportion of polymorphic markers across restriction
endonucleases was 74.4%, whereas random primers showed 82.23% polymorphism. The study showed RAPD marker efficiently
helped in inter- and intra-species variation of the species. In contrast PCR- RFLP showed bias in detecting intraspecific variations.
However, it was found an efficient tool for inter-specific variation between the species under study. The unweighted pair group
method with averages (UPGMA) was used to construct two separate dendrogram for RAPD and PCR-RFLP which resulted in two
clusters, one containing
C. c. communis
and
C. c. specularis
and the other included the
C. carassius
species. The Phylogenetic
analysis demonstrated that scale carp (
C. c. communis
) is closest to mirror carp (
C. c. specularis
) than crucian carp (
Crassius
carassius
). Mean values of haplotype and nucleotide diversity across the species were 0.0200 and 1.0000±0.0113, respectively.
Adding more populations with increased sample size of each species will be imperative to draw more definitive conclusions about
species characterization within this region.
Keywords
Cyprinidae; Genetic diversity; RAPD; PCR-RFLP; Cyt b.
Introduction
All organisms including fishes are subjected to
mutations due to cellular interactions with the
environment they live in; leading to polymorphism
and genetic variability among species. Genetic
variation in a species enhances the capability of
organism to adapt to changing environment and is
necessary for survival of the species (Fisher 1930). A
wide range of molecular marker systems have been
used for the study of intraspecific variation among
carps including microsatellites (Crooijmans et al.,
1997), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs;
Bartfai et al., 2003) and restriction fragment length
polymorphisms (RFLPs; Jian et al., 2003; Kohlmann
et al., 2003). Techniques using mtDNA have been
widely employed for genetic studies in aquaculture
because this molecule has several useful characteristics
including a rapid rate of mutation that makes it
effective for detecting recent population isolation
(Ward and Grewe, 1994) and for establishing
genealogical relationships among populations within
species (Avise, 2000).
Common carp (
Cyprinus carpio
L.) and crucian carp
(
Carassius carassius
) belongs to the largest family of
cyprinidae
among freshwater teleosts (Nelson, 1994).
Common carp was introduced in Kashmir, India in
1956 (Das and Subla, 1964). Whereas there is no
published record regarding the introduction of
C.
carassius
in this region. It is believed that the fish
might have got introduced accidentally with the