Field Crop 2018, Vol.1, No.3, 9-14
9
Research Report Open Access
Evaluation of
Trichoderma viride
in the Management of Leaf Blast of Rice under
Field Condition in Pyuthan, Nepal
Nav Raj Bhusal
1
, Basistha Acharya
2
, A.R. Devkota
1
1 Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan, Nepal
2 Regional Agriculture Research Station, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Khajura, Nepalgunj, Nepal
Corresponding author email
Field Crop, 2018, Vol.1, No.3 doi
Received: 08 Jun., 2018
Accepted: 28 Jun., 2018
Published: 20 Jul., 2018
Copyright © 2018
Bhusal et al., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article:
Bhusal N.R., Acharya B., and Devkota A.R., 2018, Evaluation of
Trichoderma viride
in the management of leaf blast of rice under field condition in
Pyuthan, Nepal, Field Crop, 1(3): 9-14 (doi
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of
Trichoderma viride
in the management of leaf blast of rice
under field condition of Pyuthan district in 2017. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized complete block design with
five replications. The treatment consisted of two rice varieties improved Sabitri and a local Radha 7, and two rates of
Trichodermaviride
(5 ml/lit. and 0 ml/lit.). The leaf blast was scored thrice from 75 to 85 days to sowing at 5 days interval. The
disease incidence, severity and AUDPC value were calculated and analyzed by using RSTAT. The variety and
Trichoderma viride
dose varied significantly for leaf blast incidence, severity and AUDPC, however, the interaction of variety and
Trichoderma viride
factor varied significantly only in AUDPC value. Disease incidence, severity and AUDPC were less in Sabitri in comparison to
Radha 7. The interaction of Sabitri and
Trichoderma viride
treatment was found best with the mean AUDPC value being the least
3.228. So, the application of
Trichoderma viride
was found efficient for leaf blast management and it is more effective when applied
along with an improved and resistant variety.
Keywords
Rice blast; Biocontrol;
Trichoderma viride
; Sabitri; AUDPC
Background
Rice (
Oryza sativa
L.) is the staple food for more than 40% of the world’s population (Datta, 1981). Rice contributes
with 21% to AGDP in Nepal (MOAD, 2017). Rice blast, caused by the Ascomycete fungus,
Magnaporthe grisea
Barr (Anamorph Pyriculariagrisea Sacc., synonym P. oryzae Cav.) is an important fungal disease of rice known to
occur in most rice producing areas of the world (Ou, 1985). This disease can strike all aerial parts of the plant. Most
infections occur on the leaves, causing diamond-shaped lesions with a gray or white center (Scardaci et al., 1997).
This disease results in yield loss as high as 70-80% (Ou, 1985) when predisposition factors (high mean temperature,
relative humidity higher than 85-89%, presence of dew, drought stress and excessive nitrogen fertilization) favor
epidemic development (Piotti et al., 2005). Rice blast is most serious disease in both terai and hilly region, causing
an average yield loss of 125 kg/ha in the hills and 112 kg/ha in the terai of Nepal (IRRI, 1996). Although blast
diseases can be successfully controlled by fungicides and seed treatment with systemic fungicide, it disturbs the rice
ecosystem, pollute the environment and induce resistant mutants of the pathogen (Prabhu and Filippi, 1993). One of
the other approach, which is progressively being developed in compliance with sustainable environment issues
during recent years is biological control. Trichoderma spp., the well-known antagonistic fungus are widely used in
agriculture as a biofungicides (Mukherjee et al., 2008).
Trichoderma viride
showed antagonistic activity under
in
vitro
,
in vivo
and field condition by inhibition of mycelial growth of P. grisea and minimum leaf blast severity
(Sharma, 2006). The Trichoderma treated seed showed low disease intensity as compared to untreated seed
reducing the disease intensity by 10-25% (Aravindan et al., 2016). In the present study,
Trichoderma vride
were
tested for its efficacy against rice leaf blast diseases under field conditions.
