Bt Research 2015, Vol.6 No.2 1-10
ISSN 1925-1939
9
mites permanently, in tune with low cost control
measures, as expected by the farmers.
Author’s Contributions
SB designed and prepared the manuscript, RBS did the
experiments, PP and SS set the reference and figures, and NR
contributed to the culturing of the mite and bioassay.
Acknowledgements
RBS is grateful to the University of Calicut for granting a
Research Fellowship. The support rendered by Sree Chitra
Tirunal Institute for Medical Science and Technology,
Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram for obtaining the SEM
images is thankfully acknowledged. It is also acknowledged
that an Indian Patent application (No. 339/DEL/2012 dated
February 7, 2012) has been filed. This manuscript has reference
to the PhD thesis of RBS, entitled: “Dual production of
endotoxin and amylase from
Bacillus
thuringiensis
subsp.
kurstaki
by fermentation and efficacy studies of endotoxin
against eriophyid mite”. The authors declare that there exists no
conflict of interests.
References
Aranda, E., Sanchez, J., Peferoen, M., Güereca, L.,and Bravo,
A., 1996. Interactions of
Bacillus thuringiensis
crystal
proteins with the midgut epithelial cells of
Spodoptera
frugiperda
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Journal of
Invertebrate Pathology, 68: 203-212.
Aratchige, N.S, Sabelis, M.W.,and Lesna, I., 2007. Plant
structural changes due to herbivory: Do changes in
Aceria-infested coconut fruits allow predatory mites to
move under the perianth? Experimental and Applied
Acarology, 43: 97-107.
Brar, S.K., Verma, M., Tyagi, R.D., Valéro, J.R.,and Surampalli,
R.Y., 2006. Screening of different adjuvants for
wastewater/wastewater
sludge-based
Bacillus
thuringiensis
formulations, Journal of Economic
Entomology, 99: 1065-1079.
Broderick, N.A., Robinson, C.J., McMahon, M.D., Holt, J.,
Handelsman, J.,and Raffa, K.F., 2009. Contributions of gut
bacteria to
Bacillus thuringiensis
-induced mortality vary
across a range of Lepidoptera, BMC Biology, 7: 11.
Buchholz, S., Neumann, P., Merkel, K.,and Hepburn, H.R.,
2006. Evaluation of
Bacillus thuringiensis
Berliner as an
alternative control of small hive beetles, Aethina tumida
Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), Journal of Pest Science,
79: 251-254.
Fadel, M.,and Sabour, M., 2002. Utilization of diary byproduct
in the production of bioinsecticide, Online Journal of
Biological Science, 2: 116-120.
Fernando, L., Manoj, P., Hapuarachchi, D., and Edgington, S.,
2007. Evaluation of four isolates of Hirsutella thompsonii
against coconut mite (
Aceria guerreronis
) in Sri Lanka,
Crop Protection, 26: 1062-1066.
Grove, M., Kimble, W.,and McCarthy, W.J., 2001. Effects of
individual
Bacillus thuringiensis
insecticidal crystal
proteins on adult Heliothis virescens (F.) and Spodoptera
exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), BioControl, 46:
321-335.
Gui-ming, L., Xiang-yue, Z.,and Lu-quan, W., 2001. The use of
Bacillus thuringiensis
on Forest Integrated Pest
Management, Journal of Forestry Research, 12: 51-54.
Haq, M.A., Sumangala, K.,and Ramani, N., 2002. Coconut
mite invasion, injury and distribution, p 41-49. In
Fernanado L, Moraes GD, Wickramananda IR (ed),
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Coconut
Mite (Aceria guerreronis), Sri Lanka.
Haq, M.A., 2001. Culture and rearing of
Aceria guerreronis
and its predators,Entomon, 26: 297-302.
Heckel, D.G., Gahan, L.J., Liu, Y.B.,and Tabashnik, B.E., 1999.
Genetic mapping of resistance to
Bacillus thuringiensis
toxins in diamondback moth using biphasic linkage
analysis. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences, 96: 8373-8377.
Jisha, V.N., Smitha, R.B., Priji, P., Sajith, S., Benjamin, S.,
2014. Biphasic fermentation is an efficient strategy for the
overproduction of
δ-
endotoxin from
Bacillus thuringiensis,
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, DOI:
10.1007/s12010-014-1383-3.
Lawson-Balagbo, L., Gondim, M., De Moraes, G., Hanna,
R.,and Schausberger, P., 2008. Exploration of the acarine
fauna on coconut palm in Brazil with emphasis on Aceria
guerreronis (Acari: Eriophyidae) and its natural enemies,
Bulletin of Entomological Research,98: 83-96.
Levin, L.,and Mammooty, K., 2003. Incidence of coconut
eriophyid mite
Aceria guerreronis
Keifer (Eriophyidae:
Acari) in different coconut cultivars and hybrids, Journal
of Tropical Agriculture, 41: 59-62.
Moore, D., Ridout, M.S., Kent,and Alexander, L., 1987.
Nutrition of coconuts in St. Lucia and relationship with
attack by coconut mite
Aceria guerreronis
Keifer, Tropical
Agriculture, 68: 41-44.
Mulligan, F.S., Schaefer, C.H.,and Wilder, W.H., 1980. Efficacy
and persistence of
Bacillus sphaericus
and
B.
thuringiensis
H. 14 against mosquitoes under laboratory
and field conditions, Journal of Economic Entomology, 73: