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Medicinal Plant Research 2014, Vol.4, No.7, 55
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Figure 5 Conservation classis of tree and shrubs in research
area
Discussion
Plants are already the most threatened species on the
world; a plant walk should not further endanger
threatened plants in your collection. Plant theft and
damage at native land are serious problems. We
recommend highlighting the rare and threatened plants
in research area to protect the plants from destroying
and damaging. Moreover, threatened trees and other
woody shrubs can be interpreted with less safety alarm.
Most endangered plants of the area are
Ficus palmata
,
Monothecea buxifolia, Morus alba
,
Vitis vinifera,
Ziziphus jujube
,
Jasminium vrandiflorum, Rhazya
stricta, Otostegia Limbata
and
Zizyphus nummularia
.
These plants are often found in habitats that are highly
threatened, inclined to over-collection in the wild, and
under threat from invasive species. These plants are
also very common in the research area for fuel and
timber. The area is mostly divided into hilly area, clay
soils, river banks and plain. From the present
investigation it is noticed that each species have
limited to a slim distribution range and specific habitat.
With the changes in environment the plant species
habitat are disturbed. A vast extent road structure and
stone mine action was the main cause of interruption
and demolition in the habitat of plant in the area
(Figure 6). Our observations were agreed with the
workers (Khan and Hussain, 2013; Khan et al., 2011)
they reported the species from almost similar habitats
from other parts of the country. The IUCN Red List
categories and criteria, describes that if population
size is fewer than 250 mature individuals with a
continuous decline in their number along with no
sub-populations, making the tree species eligible to be
placed under Critically Endangered (CR) category
(Anon, 2001). Cutting of plant species for fodder and
fuel wood was serious problem in the research area
because people of the area were very poor and
unavailability of natural gas. The over-exploitation of
plant species for fuel wood and fodder purpose by
local communities and migrants is a complex problem
and a major cause of plant extinction (Engler, 2008;
Khan et al., 2012). Another major concern is that,
local inhabitants and commercial scale poultry farms
have no access to the natural gas and electricity for
maintaining their living. Fuel wood exercise is
relatively important in the habitat of tree species
,
thus
badly affecting its population and in next decat the
rare trees will become vulnerable. Those species
which are found over a wide geographic range but are
constantly rare throughout their distribution, need
immediate attention as they are more vulnerable from
extinction point of view (Rabinowitz, 1981). In
summer, research area is very warm and rain is not
enough. Due to dryness the herbs species are very rare
in hilly area and animal directly depend upon the
shrubs and tree species. The population size is often
affected by dry periods during the growing season,
when plants may not produce any viable seed and
there will be no natural germination (Khan and
Hussain, 2012). No existent development was
observed in
Acacia modesta
and
Otostegia Limbata
(Figure 7). Hence, it is concluded that the population
sizes of rare trees and shrubs are constantly falling at
an alarming rate, without having natural staffing.
Grazing is another ecological problem observed; more
in hilly area to change the habitat of native flora but
its impact was quite prominent and disturbing for shrubs
Figure 6 Development of stone crushing factory in research
area is threat for conservation