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palatable species are selected and these make the
non-palatable species to increase in hilly area. This can
be noticeably seen in many places, which results in
stunting growth and not reaching to flowering stage: so
these are a danger of their extinction. The most
important factors disturbing the flora of area are
humidity, light, temperature, soil conditions,
topography, elevation from sea level, rain fall and other
forms of precipitation. On soil having high Nitrogen
content are found
Malva neglecta
,
Chenopodium
album
etc, as occurring near human duellings, on
compost heaps and in back yards. The finding is similar
with that of Khan et al. (2012; 2013), Khan and
Hussain (2013) and Khan (2013).
Materials and Methods
Survey
The different sites of study area was thoroughly
surveyed during the year 2012-2013 from time to time
to learn the botanical and biological situation with
students of biology, Federal government collage
Mardan.
Collection and preservation
It presents a prospect to compose plant compilation
and field interpretation throughout the flowering and
fruiting of maximum quantity of species. Plant
specimens collected from the area were dried and
preserved. These preserved plant specimens were
submitted to the Herbarium, Department of Biology,
Federal Government College Mardan, Pakistan
(Figure 4).
Figure 4 Collection of plant species during study in research site
Identification
The plant species were identified from first to last
available literature Nasir & Ali (1970-1994) and Ali &
Qaisar (1971-2006).
Classification
The plant species were classified into different classes
on the basis of different aspect like growth habit, life
span, light frequency and moister.
Ecological characteristics
The plants were classified into different life form and
leaf size classes as follows after Raunkiaer (1934),
Muller and Ellenberg (1974) and Hussain (1989).
Aknowledgement
Authors are grateful to the local people and student of Federal
Government College Mardan who have exposed valuable
information of plant species and facilitate all way throughout
the study. Special thanks to Mr. Ali Gul lecturer in statistics,
FGC Mardan for providing company during research work.
References
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heterotricha
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