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International Journal of Horticulture 2014, Vol.4, No.8, 40
-
43
http://ijh.biopublisher.ca
40
Research Report Open Access
Heterosis Studies in Chilli (
Capsicum annuum
L.)
R. Lankesh Kumar
1
, O. Sridevi
1
, Udaykumar Kage
1
, P.M. Salimath
1
, Deepa Madalageri
2
, Prakash
Natikar
1
1. Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580005, India
2. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580005, India
Corresponding author email: uday.agri123@gmail.com;
Authors
International Journal of Horticulture, 2014, Vol.4, No.8 doi: 10.5376/ijh.2014.04.0008
Received: 24 Mar., 2014
Accepted: 11 Apr., 2014
Published: 21 Apr., 2014
Copyright
© 2014 Kumar et al. This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use,
distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article
:
Kumar et al., 2014, Heterosis Studies in Chilli (
Capsicum annuum
L.), International Journal of Horticulture, 2014, Vol.4, No.8 40-43 (doi:
10.5376/ijh.2014.04.0008)
Abstract
The estimation of heterosis in 72 hybrids for yield and other 13 yield related component traits were studied following
Line×tester design in chilli. Maximum heterosis (49.09%) for dry fruit yield per plant and fruit weight (21.70%) over standard check
was observed in the cross Co-1×Byadagi dabbi and for plant height and number of primary branches the cross GPC-82×Singanahalli
local. The hybrid Punjab Lal×KDC-1 had more number of fruits per plant, while Puri red×Lokur local and Puri red×KDC-1 were
early for days to 50 per cent flowering. The hybrid G-3×VN-2 exhibited highest heterosis for fruit diameter and pericarp weight. For
fruit length and number of seeds per fruit the cross Co-1×Byadagi dabbi while, S-32×Lokur local showed maximum standard
heterosis for dry fruit yield per plant. The hybrids Co-1×Byadagi dabbi (40.09%), Co-1 Lokur local (40.97%), G-3×Lokur local
(39.92%), Co-1×KDC-1 (36.10%), G-4×Byadagi dabbi (34.19%) and Kunkaur-3×Byadagi dabbi (32.66%) were considered most
heterotic hybrids for yield and yield related components viz., number of secondary branches, number of fruit per plant, fruit length,
fruit weight and pericarp weight.
Keywords
Heterosis; Chilli
Introduction
Chilli (
Capsicum annuum
L.) is an important
commercial crop of India grown for its green fruits as
vegetable and red form as spice. It belongs to family
Solanaceae and has a chromosome number 2n=24.
Many food industries have extracted the oleoresin
from chilli and is being used in the preparation of
processed products and pharmaceutical preparations.
Chilies have two important qualities, biting pungency
attributed to capsaicin and captivating red colour due
to pigment capsanthin. Even though India ranks first
in chilli area and production, the yield potential is low
due to poor yielding varieties and high incidence of
pests and diseases. One of the methods to achieve
quantum jump in yield and quality is heterosis
breeding. Therefore, to meet this objective in a shorter
time the heterosis breeding has been undertaken to
develop and identify the suitable best performing hybrids.
Results and Discussion
The estimates of mean sum of squares due to parents
showed significant difference for all the characters
except number of primary branches and stalk weight
indicating the presence of sufficient variability among
the parents studied (Table 1). Variance due to females
was significant for all the traits except number of
primary branches. Similarly male parents showed
significant difference for all the traits except number
of primary branches and stalk weight revealing
presence of sufficient genetic variability among
female and male parents for majority of the characters
studied. The interaction between female×male and
parent’s vs hybrids was significant for all the
characters studied except number of primary branches,
stalk length and stalk weight and plant height, stalk
length and stalk weight respectively. This indicates
enormous amount of variability present among the
genotypes studied.
The ranges for mean performance and for various
heterotic effects as well as the heterotic crosses
identified on the basis of these two parameters are
presented in Table 2. The maximum range of mean
performance for parents and crosses was observed for
number of fruits per plant, number of seeds per fruit
and dry fruit yield per plant. High magnitude of
average heterosis (71.04%) and better parent heterosis
(70.24%) was recorded by the cross G-4×VN-2, and
economic heterosis (40.09%) by the cross Co-1×
Byadagi dabbi respectively for dry fruit yield per plant.
Heterosis for dry yield was also reported by Jarnail
Singh (1987) and Mishra et al. (1989). Considering