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International Journal of Horticulture 2014, Vol.4, No.7, 32
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39
http://ijh.biopublisher.ca
35
Table 4 Effect of salt spray on nutrient content (mmol/g dry weight) in the leaf, stem and root of
Alternanthera maritima
after 12 weeks of
exposure to salt spray
Plant part
Salt spray level
Ca
2+
Mg
2+
Na
+
K
+
Fe
2+
N
Cl
-
Total
Na: K
CSS
10.48
a
3.56
a
0.48
a
6.04
a
0.22
a
7.38
a
0.84
a
28.08
a
0.08
a
2SS
7.92
ab
2.32
ab
5.42
b
5.16
a
0.12
ab
10.97
b
8.01
b
39.75
b
1.03
b
Leaf
4SS
8.20
ab
2.40
ab
9.04
bc
5.96
a
0.12
ab
11.36
b
13.49
bc
49.54
bc
1.35
b
6SS
7.00
ab
2.40
ab
14.92
c
4.84
a
0.09
ab
11.42
b
19.05
c
59.34
c
3.12
b
CSS
10.92
a
4.72
a
0.36
a
4.68
a
0.17
a
6.50
a
0.38
a
26.53
a
0.08
a
Stem
2SS
10.20
a
4.20
a
3.56
b
4.84
a
0.18
b
7.55
a
5.24
b
35.65
b
0.77
b
4SS
9.88
a
2.68
ab
7.88
bc
4.84
a
0.18
b
7.36
a
8.09
bc
39.19
b
1.71
bc
6SS
10.80a
2.36
ab
13.98
c
5.32
a
0.17
b
8.64
a
14.86
c
48.08
c
2.70
c
CSS
8.96
a
2.72
a
0.96
a
4.56
a
0.56
a
5.76
a
0.32
a
23.234
a
0.21
a
Root
2SS
8.00
a
2.80
a
1.12
a
4.88
a
0.12
a
5.53
a
0.32
a
22.74
a
0.22
a
4SS
7.04
a
2.16
a
1.24
a
5.96
a
0.10
a
5.32
a
0.33
a
22.33
a
0.21
a
6SS
7.00
a
1.92
ab
1.44
a
5.04
a
0.23
a
6.11
a
0.34
a
22.03
a
0.26
a
Note: Each value is a mean of 3 replicates. For each plant part and element, means with the same letter(s) [in superscript] in the same
column are not significantly different at P≥0.05 (Turkey HSD). CSS=deionized water sprays (control), 2SS=two salt sprays per week,
4SS=four salt sprays per week, 6SS=six salt sprays per week
Figure1 Percentage ash content in the shoot and root of
Alternanthera maritima
after 12 weeks of exposure to salt spray
Note: Each bar represents mean+standard error of 6 replicates.
For each plant part, bars with the same letter(s) are not
significantly different at P≥0.05 (Turkey HSD). CSS=deionized
water sprays (control), 2SS=two salt sprays per week, 4SS=four
salt sprays per week, 6SS=six salt sprays per week
in the root zone (Griffiths and Orians, 2003). The plant
maintained high survivorship like the control despite
salt sprays. This agrees with earlier findings on
Leymus
mollis
by Gagne and Houle (2002). Salt spray tolerant
plants occupy sea-side while sensitive species are
eliminated and are found inland far away from the beach
(Scheiber et al., 2008). Growth reduction has been
reported on many coastal plants sprayed with seawater
such as
Leymus mollis
(Gagne and Houlem, 2002) and
Myrica
.
pensylvanica
(Griffiths and Orians, 2003).
Reduction in shoot elongation, number of branches and
leaves was observed in
Miscanthus sinensis
and
Pennisetum
Figure 2 Stomata appearance on the abaxial leaf surface of
Alternanthera maritima
after 12 weeks of exposure to salt spray
Note: S=stoma, D=diameter, CSS=deionized water sprays
(control), 2SS=two salt sprays per week, 4SS=four salt sprays per
week, 6SS=six salt sprays per week
alopecuroides
(Scheiber et al., 2008),
Crambe maritima
(De Vos et al., 2010) and
Diodia maritima
(Kekere and
Bamidele, 2012). However, increase in growth
suggested that the plant is tolerant to seawater spray,
which affirmed that growth in some plant species is
stimulated when sprayed with salt (Rozema et al., 1982).
Similarly,
Triplasis purpurea
closest to sea shore (30~40 m)