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International Journal of Horticulture 2014, Vol.4, No.13, 64
-
71
http://ijh.biopublisher.ca
66
Table 2 Fresh and dry mass, root: shoot ratio, relative growth rate (RGR) and leaf total chlorophyll (LTC) of
Paspalum vaginatum
after 12 weeks of exposure to different levels of salt spray
Salt spray
level
Leaf
fresh
mass (g)
Stem
fresh
mass (g)
Root
fresh
mass (g)
Shoot
fresh mass
(g)
Leaf dry
mass (g)
Stem
dry mass
(g)
Root
dry mass
(g)
Shoot
dry mass
(g)
Total
biomass
(g)
Root:
shoot
RGR
(gg
-1
d
-1
)
LTC (mg/g
fresh leaves)
CSS
16.12
a
27.93
a
16.73
a
44.05
a
10.62
a
16.42
a
9.56
a
27.05
a
36.60
a
0.35
b
0.0392
a
0.92
a
2SS
12.81
b
15.89
b
15.67
a
28.70
b
7.93
b
8.56
b
8.97
a
16.49
b
25.46
b
0.54
a
0.0301
b
0.64
b
4SS
12.22
b
13.25
b
15.62
a
25.47
b
7.56
b
7.03
b
9.07
a
14.60
b
23.67
b
0.62
a
0.0232
b
0.62
b
6SS
11.19
b
12.08
b
15.63
a
23.27
b
6.96
b
6.35
b
9.09
a
13.32
b
22.40
b
0.68
a
0.0219
b
0.57
b
Note: Each value is a mean of 6 replicates; For each parameter, means with the same letter(s) in superscript in the same column are
not significantly different at P≥0.05 (Tukey HSD); RGR=relative growth rate, LTC=leaf total chlorophyll, CSS=deionized water
sprays (control), 2SS=two salt sprays per week, 4SS = four salt sprays per week, 6SS=six salt sprays per week
Table 3 Water status of
Paspalum vaginatum
after 12 weeks of exposure to different levels of salt spray
Salt spray
level
Leaf moisture
content (%)
Stem moisture
content (%)
Root moisture
content (%)
Pre-dawn water
potential (-MPa)
Mid-day water
potential (-MPa)
CSS
35.73
a
41.22
a
42.87
a
2.21
d
2.98
d
2SS
38.13
a
46.12
b
42.74
a
4.13
c
5.00
c
4SS
38.13
a
46.93
b
41.91
a
4.32
b
5.80
b
6SS
37.78
a
46.41
b
41.86
a
4.08
a
6.00
a
Note: Each value is a mean of 6 replicates; For each parameter, means with the same letter(s) in superscript in the same column are
not significantly different at P≥0.05 (Tukey HSD); CSS=deionized water sprays (control), 2SS=two salt sprays per week, 4SS=four
salt sprays per week, 6SS=six salt sprays per week
lower under seawater-sprayed plants than did control
plants, and they significantly differed from each other
as the spraying level increased (Table 3). The mid-day
values were slightly lower that those of the predawn.
Air-borne salinity decreased Ca
2+,
Mg
2+
, K
+
and Fe
2+
in
the aerial parts of test plants (Table 4). In comparison to
the control, the reduction was significantly different
except Mg
2+
and Fe
2+
in the leaf. Plants sprayed with
seawater had significantly higher nitrogen content in
leaf and stem than in those sprayed with de-ionized
water. Salt spray resulted in a significant accumulation
of Na
+
and Cl
-
in the leaf and stem of the test plant, as
the application level increased. In addition, there was a
significantly higher total nutrient and percentage ash
content in the leaf and stem of sea-sprayed plants than
in control (Table 4).
Table 4 Effect of salt spray on nutrient content (mmol/g dry weight) and ash content (% dry weight) of the leaf, stem and root of
Paspalum vaginatum
after 12 weeks of exposure to salt spray
Plant part Salt spray level Ca
2+
Mg
2+
Na
+
K
+
Cl
-
Fe
2+
N
Total
Na: K
Ash (%) Organic (%)
CSS
0.91
a
0.37
a
0.02
d
0.96
a
0.14
d
0.42
a
3.43
b
6.25
c
0.02
c
7.61
b
92.84
a
2SS
0.86
a
0.33
ab
11.03
c
0.89
a
5.86
c
0.36
ab
5.17
a
24.5
b
12.39
b
13.41
ba
86.46
b
Leaf
4SS
0.65
a
0.31
ab
21.03
b
0.81
a
10.84
b
0.27
ab
5.87
a
39.78
ab
25.96
ab
19.62
a
80.26
b
6SS
0.65
a
0.22
b
34.04
a
0.86
a
17.35
a
0.21
b
5.81
a
59.14
a
39.58
a
21.65
a
78.35
b
CSS
0.88
a
0.35
a
0.14
d
0.92
a
0.14
d
0.19
a
1.59
b
4.21
c
0.15
c
6.93
c
93.05
a
Stem
2SS
0.81
a
0.32
a
8.29
c
0.87
a
4.21
c
0.15
a
4.79
a
19.44
b
9.53
b
11.92
bc
86.11
b
4SS
0.61
a
0.29
a
16.01
b
0.79
a
8.28
b
0.14
a
4.81
a
30.93
ab
20.27
a
17.66
a
82.42
b
6SS
0.63
a
0.24
ab
29.08
a
0.84
a
15.28
a
0.15
a
4.69
a
40.91
a
22.71
a
20.95
a
79.07
b
CSS
0.69
a
0.25
a
0.05
a
0.88
a
0.24
a
0.74
a
1.55
a
4.39
a
0.08
a
5.74
a
94.18
a
Root
2SS
0.66
a
0.32
a
0.09
a
0.83 0.28
a
0.72
a
1.73
a
4.63
a
0.11
a
6.14
a
93.32
a
4SS
0.87
a
0.35
a
0.011
a
0.90
a
0.35
a
0.75
a
1.56
a
4.791
a
0.10
a
6.31
a
93.71
a
6SS
0.93
a
0.38
a
0.41
a
0.99
a
0.42
a
0.74
a
1.64
a
5.51
a
0.10
a
6.25
a
93.69
a
Note: Each value is a mean of 3 replicates; For each plant part and variable, means with the same letter(s) in superscript in the same
column are not significantly different at P≥0.05 (Tukey HSD); CSS=deionized water sprays (control), 2SS=two salt sprays per week,
4SS=four salt sprays per week, 6SS=six salt sprays per week