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Molecular Plant Breeding 2012, Vol.3, No.3, 26
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36
http://mpb.sophiapublisher.com
26
Research Report Open Access
Genetic Analysis of ESTs Generated from Pericarp of Wine Grape (
V. amurensis
)
at Veraison
Xiangnan Ji
1
* , Bo Li
3
* , Wen Zhang
2
, Chengjun Yang
3
, Jun Wang
1
1. Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
2. College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
3. College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P.R. China
* These authors contributed equally to this study
Corresponding authors email:
junwang1966@yahoo.com.cn
Molecular Plant Breeding, 2012, Vol.3, No.3 doi: 10.5376/mpb.2012.03.0003
Received: 22 Feb., 2012
Accepted: 28 Mar., 2012
Published: 1 Apr., 2012
This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article:
Ji et al., 2012, Genetic Analysis of ESTs Generated from Pericarp of Wine Grape (
V. amurensis
) at Veraison, Molecular Plant Breeding, Vol.3, No.3 26-36 (doi:
10.5376/mpb.2012.03.0003)
Abstract
In this study, we constructed the cDNA library of grape berry pericarp at veraison from wine grape ‘Shuang Feng’ (
V.
amurensis
), and generated total 974 ESTs, representing the independent cDNA in length of around 392 672 bp, of which 710
unigenes were clustered into 97 contigs and 613 singletons based on quality of EST sequence and optimum assembly. 64.65% clones
exhibited high homology to previously deposited nucleotides and/or polypeptide sequences, while the proportion of ESTs with no
any significant homology in database reached 25.63%. Analysis of the unigenes resulted in the assignment of 9 specific functional
classes in this research. Putative functions were identified for about 74.13% of the unigenes. By assigning them to specific function
classes, we were able to highlight characteristics among different ripening phases. GO classification was performed to define the
relationship among genes expressing in pericarp of wine grape berry, which were involved in three aspects including cell component,
biological process and molecular function. Expression analysis of these ESTs were used to characterize potential roles of novel genes
with respect to berry ripening and composition of wine grape.
Keywords
Wine grape (
Vitis amurensis
); cDNA library; Unigene annotation; Gene ontology; EST sequencing
Background
Grapevine is the most valuable horticultural crop
worldwide. Grape berries are processed into wine,
produced commercially for fresh consumption, dried
into raisins, processed into non-alcoholic juice and
distilled into spirits (Lund et al., 2008). As one of the
most important wild germplasm resources,
V. amurensis
(Amur grape) is widely distributed in China, Korean
and Japan (Ha et al., 2009). It is very resistant to frost,
withstanding temperature as low as
-
40
℃
, but it is not
tolerant to drought. The roots, vine and leaves of the
Amur grape are used as therapeutic agents for disease
treatment according to the theory of traditional
Chinese medical science. By hybridization with the
V.
vinifera
native in Europe, several valuable cultivars
resistant to low temperature have been produced
(Weidner et al., 2007).
Veraison is the period before berry ripening, during
which dramatic changes of berry occur. The grapevine
is considered to be a non-climacteric fruit, and
follows the trace of growth of a double-sigmoid
curve. The two successive phases both last around 6
weeks with similar amplitudes (Terrier et al., 2001).
After fruit set, cell divisions and expansion result in
the rapid growth of the berry. The following stage is
a lag phase with little or no growth of berry.
Subsequently, the second growth phase called veraison
occurs, in which a series of physiological and
biochemical changes take place. The berry becomes
soft with a rapid increase in the level of hexoses in
the berry vacuole and increase in berry volume. The
organic acid content decreases while the level of
soluble sugars increases. The chlorophyll breaks
down and the color starts to turn. Certain secondary
compounds involved with fruit flavor and aroma are
formed (Coombe, 1992; Fillion et al., 1999; Davies
and Robinson, 2000; Terrier et al., 2001).
Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are one of the most