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Molecular Plant Breeding 2011, Vol.2, No.17, 119
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122
http://mpb.sophiapublisher.com
119
A Letter Open Access
Recent Advances on
in vitro
Fertilization of Gamineae
Zhong-an Wang
College of Landscape, School of Life Science, Xia Men University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China
Corresponding authors email:
smilean@sohu.com
Molecular Plant Breeding, 2011, Vol.2, No.17 doi: 10.5376/mpb.2011.02.0017
Received: 08 Oct., 2011
Accepted: 07 Nov., 2011
Published: 16 Feb., 2012
This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction
in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Preferred citation for this article:
Wang., 2011,
Recent Advances on
in vitro
Fertilization of Gamineae, Molecular Plant Breeding, Vol.2, No.17 119
-
122 (doi: 10.5376/mpb.2011.02.0017)
Abstract
Gramineae is one of the largest families containing the most important crops with the widest distribution in the world.
In
vitro
fertilization means the isolation of sperm cell and egg cell, the fusion of both cells, and the regeneration of fertile offspring.
Some questions regarding the gametes and embryos were discussed. The technology of
in vitro
fertilization would be used in the
gramineae, including transferring the gene into egg cell and zygote, andregenerating plants.
In vitro
development from fusion
products between gametes of alien species, opens up some new prospects in plants.
Keywords
Gramineae;
in vitro
fertilization; Sperm cell; Egg cell; Zygote
Background
Gramineae is one of the largest families with the
widest distribution in the world, including the world's
most important crops ,such as rice, corn, wheat, barley,
sorghum, sugar cane, and so on. There is a important
practical significance to learn of the mechanism of
in
vitro
fertilization of gramineae because we can further
improve the yield and quality of the gramineae. To
date, the first successful case of
in vitro
fertilization is
Kranz et al (1991) making the fusion of corn sperm
cells and egg cells by power fusion, and resulting in
some plants. Since then, there has been ongoing
studies on the gramineae family
in vitro
fertilization
from other researchers, who have made some prog-
resses. In this article, we will briefly introduce recent
advances in
in vitro
fertilization of gramineae.
1 Isolation of sperm cells
Isolation and purification of sperm cells arethe bases
of physiological and biochemical
in vitro
fertilization
study. They are also the premise of physiology, bioch-
emistry and molecular biology on the sperm and egg
identification process in higher plants. There are two
types of Angiosperm pollens: bicellular pollen type, a
generative cell and a vegetative cell in a mature pollen
grain. tricellular pollen type, two sperm cells and a
vegetative cell in a mature pollen grain.The pollen
tubes of bicellular pollen type grains would be firstly
induced
in vitro
cultivation to isolate sperm cells in
the pollen tube, after the generative cell of pollen tube
divides to form two sperm cells, The mature pollens of
gramineae of a tricellular pollen cell could be used
directly to isolate sperm cells. There are 2 main ways
to separate sperm cells from tricellular pollen cells:
the impact of infiltration and grinding. In 1973, Cass
soaked pollens of barley in hypotonic solution of 10%
BK sucrose solution, and obtained some sperm cells
successfully (Cass, 1973). The impact of infiltration
method is relatively simple, and it has high ratio of
efficiency separation. To date the method was adopted
in the sperm cells isolation of the graminea, such as
corn (Dupuis et al., 1987; Yang and Zhou, 1989), rice
(Guo et al., 1999), and so on, but different sperm cells
masters are required and different optimum concen-
trations of separation are observed depending on the
specific plants. There is little application of grinding
on the isolation of the sperm cells of gramineae.
2 Isolation of egg cell
Egg cells are located in the embryo sac, and the
embryo sac is born in the ovule, which made it more
difficult to isolate the egg cells. We can isolate embryo
sac, and then isolate the egg sac, or we can also isolate
egg cell directly from the ovule. At present, we
obtained the egg cell from gramineae mainly by
enzyme or anatomical dissection. Enzymatic dissection